Analysis

How so?It’s when a mendicant develops the basis of psychic power that has immersion due to enthusiasm, and active effort.They think: ‘My enthusiasm won’t be too lax or too tense. And it’ll be neither constricted internally nor scattered externally.’And they meditate perceiving before and behind:as before, so behind; as behind, so before;as below, so above; as above, so below;as by day, so by night; as by night, so by day.And so, with an open and unenveloped heart, they develop a mind that’s full of radiance.

Kathaṁ bhāvitā ca, bhikkhave, cattāro iddhipādā kathaṁ bahulīkatā mahapphalā honti mahānisaṁsā? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti—iti me chando na ca atilīno bhavissati, na ca atippaggahito bhavissati, na ca ajjhattaṁ saṅkhitto bhavissati, na ca bahiddhā vikkhitto bhavissati. Pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati—yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure; yathā adho tathā uddhaṁ, yathā uddhaṁ tathā adho; yathā divā tathā rattiṁ yathā rattiṁ tathā divā. Iti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṁ cittaṁ bhāveti.

How so?Kathaṁ bhāvitā ca, bhikkhave, cattāro iddhipādā kathaṁ bahulīkatā mahapphalā honti mahānisaṁsā? It’s when a mendicant develops the basis of psychic power that has immersion due to enthusiasm, and active effort.Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti—They think: ‘My enthusiasm won’t be too lax or too tense. And it’ll be neither constricted internally nor scattered externally.’iti me chando na ca atilīno bhavissati, na ca atippaggahito bhavissati, na ca ajjhattaṁ saṅkhitto bhavissati, na ca bahiddhā vikkhitto bhavissati. And they meditate perceiving before and behind:Pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati—as before, so behind; as behind, so before;yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure; as below, so above; as above, so below;yathā adho tathā uddhaṁ, yathā uddhaṁ tathā adho; as by day, so by night; as by night, so by day.yathā divā tathā rattiṁ yathā rattiṁ tathā divā. And so, with an open and unenveloped heart, they develop a mind that’s full of radiance.Iti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṁ cittaṁ bhāveti.

They develop the basis of psychic power that has immersion due to energy …mental development …inquiry, and active effort.They think: ‘My inquiry won’t be too lax or too tense. And it’ll be neither constricted internally nor scattered externally.’And they meditate perceiving before and behind:as before, so behind; as behind, so before;as below, so above; as above, so below;as by day, so by night; as by night, so by day.And so, with an open and unenveloped heart, they develop a mind that’s full of radiance.

Vīriyasamādhi …pe… cittasamādhi … vīmaṁsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti—iti me vīmaṁsā na ca atilīnā bhavissati, na ca atippaggahitā bhavissati, na ca ajjhattaṁ saṅkhittā bhavissati, na ca bahiddhā vikkhittā bhavissati. Pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati—yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure; yathā adho tathā uddhaṁ, yathā uddhaṁ tathā adho; yathā divā tathā rattiṁ, yathā rattiṁ tathā divā. Iti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṁ cittaṁ bhāveti.

They develop the basis of psychic power that has immersion due to energy …Vīriyasamādhi …pe… mental development …cittasamādhi … inquiry, and active effort.vīmaṁsāsamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti—They think: ‘My inquiry won’t be too lax or too tense. And it’ll be neither constricted internally nor scattered externally.’iti me vīmaṁsā na ca atilīnā bhavissati, na ca atippaggahitā bhavissati, na ca ajjhattaṁ saṅkhittā bhavissati, na ca bahiddhā vikkhittā bhavissati. And they meditate perceiving before and behind:Pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati—as before, so behind; as behind, so before;yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure; as below, so above; as above, so below;yathā adho tathā uddhaṁ, yathā uddhaṁ tathā adho; as by day, so by night; as by night, so by day.yathā divā tathā rattiṁ, yathā rattiṁ tathā divā. And so, with an open and unenveloped heart, they develop a mind that’s full of radiance.Iti vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṁ cittaṁ bhāveti.

And what is enthusiasm that’s too lax?It’s when enthusiasm is coupled with laziness.This is called lax enthusiasm.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, atilīno chando? Yo, bhikkhave, chando kosajjasahagato kosajjasampayutto—ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, atilīno chando.

And what is enthusiasm that’s too lax?Katamo ca, bhikkhave, atilīno chando? It’s when enthusiasm is coupled with laziness.Yo, bhikkhave, chando kosajjasahagato kosajjasampayutto—This is called lax enthusiasm.ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, atilīno chando.

And what is enthusiasm that’s too tense?It’s when enthusiasm is coupled with restlessness.This is called tense enthusiasm.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, atippaggahito chando? Yo, bhikkhave, chando uddhaccasahagato uddhaccasampayutto—ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, atippaggahito chando.

And what is enthusiasm that’s too tense?Katamo ca, bhikkhave, atippaggahito chando? It’s when enthusiasm is coupled with restlessness.Yo, bhikkhave, chando uddhaccasahagato uddhaccasampayutto—This is called tense enthusiasm.ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, atippaggahito chando.

And what is enthusiasm that’s constricted internally?It’s when enthusiasm is coupled with dullness and drowsiness.This is called enthusiasm constricted internally.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, ajjhattaṁ saṅkhitto chando? Yo, bhikkhave, chando thinamiddhasahagato thinamiddhasampayutto—ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, ajjhattaṁ saṅkhitto chando.

And what is enthusiasm that’s constricted internally?Katamo ca, bhikkhave, ajjhattaṁ saṅkhitto chando? It’s when enthusiasm is coupled with dullness and drowsiness.Yo, bhikkhave, chando thinamiddhasahagato thinamiddhasampayutto—This is called enthusiasm constricted internally.ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, ajjhattaṁ saṅkhitto chando.

And what is enthusiasm that’s scattered externally?It’s when enthusiasm is frequently scattered and diffused externally on account of the five kinds of sensual stimulation.This is called enthusiasm scattered externally.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, bahiddhā vikkhitto chando? Yo, bhikkhave, chando bahiddhā pañca kāmaguṇe ārabbha anuvikkhitto anuvisaṭo—ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, bahiddhā vikkhitto chando.

And what is enthusiasm that’s scattered externally?Katamo ca, bhikkhave, bahiddhā vikkhitto chando? It’s when enthusiasm is frequently scattered and diffused externally on account of the five kinds of sensual stimulation.Yo, bhikkhave, chando bahiddhā pañca kāmaguṇe ārabbha anuvikkhitto anuvisaṭo—This is called enthusiasm scattered externally.ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, bahiddhā vikkhitto chando.

And how does a mendicant meditate perceiving before and behind:as before, so behind; as behind, so before?It’s when the perception of before and behind is properly grasped, focused on, borne in mind, and penetrated with wisdom by a mendicant.That’s how a mendicant meditates perceiving before and behind:as before, so behind; as behind, so before.

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati—yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno pacchāpuresaññā suggahitā hoti sumanasikatā sūpadhāritā suppaṭividdhā paññāya. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati—yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure.

And how does a mendicant meditate perceiving before and behind:Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati—as before, so behind; as behind, so before?yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure? It’s when the perception of before and behind is properly grasped, focused on, borne in mind, and penetrated with wisdom by a mendicant.Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno pacchāpuresaññā suggahitā hoti sumanasikatā sūpadhāritā suppaṭividdhā paññāya. That’s how a mendicant meditates perceiving before and behind:Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu pacchāpuresaññī ca viharati—as before, so behind; as behind, so before.yathā pure tathā pacchā, yathā pacchā tathā pure.

And how does a mendicant meditate as below, so above; as above, so below?It’s when a mendicant examines their own body up from the soles of the feet and down from the tips of the hairs, wrapped in skin and full of many kinds of filth.‘In this body there is head hair, body hair, nails, teeth, skin, flesh, sinews, bones, bone marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, diaphragm, spleen, lungs, intestines, mesentery, undigested food, feces, bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, grease, saliva, snot, synovial fluid, urine.’That’s how a mendicant meditates as below, so above; as above, so below.

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathā adho tathā uddhaṁ, yathā uddhaṁ tathā adho viharati? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṁ uddhaṁ pādatalā adho kesamatthakā tacapariyantaṁ pūraṁ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati: ‘atthi imasmiṁ kāye kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco maṁsaṁ nhāru aṭṭhi aṭṭhimiñjaṁ vakkaṁ hadayaṁ yakanaṁ kilomakaṁ pihakaṁ papphāsaṁ antaṁ antaguṇaṁ udariyaṁ karīsaṁ pittaṁ semhaṁ pubbo lohitaṁ sedo medo assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā muttan’ti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathā adho tathā uddhaṁ, yathā uddhaṁ tathā adho viharati.

And how does a mendicant meditate as below, so above; as above, so below?Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathā adho tathā uddhaṁ, yathā uddhaṁ tathā adho viharati? It’s when a mendicant examines their own body up from the soles of the feet and down from the tips of the hairs, wrapped in skin and full of many kinds of filth.Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṁ uddhaṁ pādatalā adho kesamatthakā tacapariyantaṁ pūraṁ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati: ‘In this body there is head hair, body hair, nails, teeth, skin, flesh, sinews, bones, bone marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, diaphragm, spleen, lungs, intestines, mesentery, undigested food, feces, bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, grease, saliva, snot, synovial fluid, urine.’‘atthi imasmiṁ kāye kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco maṁsaṁ nhāru aṭṭhi aṭṭhimiñjaṁ vakkaṁ hadayaṁ yakanaṁ kilomakaṁ pihakaṁ papphāsaṁ antaṁ antaguṇaṁ udariyaṁ karīsaṁ pittaṁ semhaṁ pubbo lohitaṁ sedo medo assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā muttan’ti. That’s how a mendicant meditates as below, so above; as above, so below.Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathā adho tathā uddhaṁ, yathā uddhaṁ tathā adho viharati.

And how does a mendicant meditate as by day, so by night; as by night, so by day?It’s when a mendicant develops the basis of psychic power that has immersion due to enthusiasm, and active effort, with the same features, attributes, and signs by day as by night.And they develop it with the same features, attributes, and signs by night as by day.That’s how a mendicant meditates as by day, so by night; as by night, so by day.

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathā divā tathā rattiṁ, yathā rattiṁ tathā divā viharati? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yehi ākārehi yehi liṅgehi yehi nimittehi divā chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti, so tehi ākārehi tehi liṅgehi tehi nimittehi rattiṁ chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti; yehi vā pana ākārehi yehi liṅgehi yehi nimittehi rattiṁ chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti, so tehi ākārehi tehi liṅgehi tehi nimittehi divā chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathā divā tathā rattiṁ, yathā rattiṁ tathā divā viharati.

And how does a mendicant meditate as by day, so by night; as by night, so by day?Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathā divā tathā rattiṁ, yathā rattiṁ tathā divā viharati? It’s when a mendicant develops the basis of psychic power that has immersion due to enthusiasm, and active effort, with the same features, attributes, and signs by day as by night.Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yehi ākārehi yehi liṅgehi yehi nimittehi divā chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti, so tehi ākārehi tehi liṅgehi tehi nimittehi rattiṁ chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti; And they develop it with the same features, attributes, and signs by night as by day.yehi vā pana ākārehi yehi liṅgehi yehi nimittehi rattiṁ chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti, so tehi ākārehi tehi liṅgehi tehi nimittehi divā chandasamādhippadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti. That’s how a mendicant meditates as by day, so by night; as by night, so by day.Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu yathā divā tathā rattiṁ, yathā rattiṁ tathā divā viharati.

And how, with an open and unenveloped heart, does a mendicant develop a mind that’s full of radiance?It’s when a mendicant has properly grasped the perception of light, and has properly grasped the perception of day.That’s how, with an open and unenveloped heart, a mendicant develops a mind that’s full of radiance.

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṁ cittaṁ bhāveti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno ālokasaññā suggahitā hoti divāsaññā svādhiṭṭhitā. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṁ cittaṁ bhāveti.

And how, with an open and unenveloped heart, does a mendicant develop a mind that’s full of radiance?Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṁ cittaṁ bhāveti? It’s when a mendicant has properly grasped the perception of light, and has properly grasped the perception of day.Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno ālokasaññā suggahitā hoti divāsaññā svādhiṭṭhitā. That’s how, with an open and unenveloped heart, a mendicant develops a mind that’s full of radiance.Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṁ cittaṁ bhāveti.

And what is energy that’s too lax? …

Katamañca, bhikkhave, atilīnaṁ vīriyaṁ? Yaṁ, bhikkhave, vīriyaṁ kosajjasahagataṁ kosajjasampayuttaṁ—idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, atilīnaṁ vīriyaṁ.

And what is energy that’s too lax? …Katamañca, bhikkhave, atilīnaṁ vīriyaṁ? Yaṁ, bhikkhave, vīriyaṁ kosajjasahagataṁ kosajjasampayuttaṁ—idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, atilīnaṁ vīriyaṁ.

And what is mental development that’s too lax? …

Katamañca, bhikkhave, atilīnaṁ cittaṁ? Yaṁ, bhikkhave, cittaṁ kosajjasahagataṁ kosajjasampayuttaṁ—idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, atilīnaṁ cittaṁ.

And what is mental development that’s too lax? …Katamañca, bhikkhave, atilīnaṁ cittaṁ? Yaṁ, bhikkhave, cittaṁ kosajjasahagataṁ kosajjasampayuttaṁ—idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, atilīnaṁ cittaṁ.

And what is inquiry that’s too lax?It’s when inquiry is coupled with laziness.This is called lax inquiry.

Katamā ca, bhikkhave, atilīnā vīmaṁsā? Yā, bhikkhave, vīmaṁsā kosajjasahagatā kosajjasampayuttā—ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, atilīnā vīmaṁsā.

And what is inquiry that’s too lax?Katamā ca, bhikkhave, atilīnā vīmaṁsā? It’s when inquiry is coupled with laziness.Yā, bhikkhave, vīmaṁsā kosajjasahagatā kosajjasampayuttā—This is called lax inquiry.ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, atilīnā vīmaṁsā.

And what is inquiry that’s too tense?It’s when inquiry is coupled with restlessness.This is called tense inquiry.

Katamā ca, bhikkhave, atippaggahitā vīmaṁsā? Yā, bhikkhave, vīmaṁsā uddhaccasahagatā uddhaccasampayuttā—ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, atippaggahitā vīmaṁsā.

And what is inquiry that’s too tense?Katamā ca, bhikkhave, atippaggahitā vīmaṁsā? It’s when inquiry is coupled with restlessness.Yā, bhikkhave, vīmaṁsā uddhaccasahagatā uddhaccasampayuttā—This is called tense inquiry.ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, atippaggahitā vīmaṁsā.

And what is inquiry that’s constricted internally?It’s when inquiry is coupled with dullness and drowsiness.This is called inquiry constricted internally.

Katamā ca, bhikkhave, ajjhattaṁ saṅkhittā vīmaṁsā? Yā, bhikkhave, vīmaṁsā thinamiddhasahagatā thinamiddhasampayuttā—ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, ajjhattaṁ saṅkhittā vīmaṁsā.

And what is inquiry that’s constricted internally?Katamā ca, bhikkhave, ajjhattaṁ saṅkhittā vīmaṁsā? It’s when inquiry is coupled with dullness and drowsiness.Yā, bhikkhave, vīmaṁsā thinamiddhasahagatā thinamiddhasampayuttā—This is called inquiry constricted internally.ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, ajjhattaṁ saṅkhittā vīmaṁsā.

And what is inquiry that’s scattered externally?It’s when inquiry is frequently scattered and diffused externally on account of the five kinds of sensual stimulation.This is called inquiry scattered externally. …That’s how, with an open and unenveloped heart, a mendicant develops a mind that’s full of radiance.When the four bases of psychic power have been developed and cultivated in this way they’re very fruitful and beneficial.

Katamā ca, bhikkhave, bahiddhā vikkhittā vīmaṁsā? Yā, bhikkhave, vīmaṁsā bahiddhā pañca kāmaguṇe ārabbha anuvikkhittā anuvisaṭā—ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, bahiddhā vikkhittā vīmaṁsā …pe… evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṁ cittaṁ bhāveti. Evaṁ bhāvitā kho, bhikkhave, cattāro iddhipādā evaṁ bahulīkatā mahapphalā honti mahānisaṁsā.

And what is inquiry that’s scattered externally?Katamā ca, bhikkhave, bahiddhā vikkhittā vīmaṁsā? It’s when inquiry is frequently scattered and diffused externally on account of the five kinds of sensual stimulation.Yā, bhikkhave, vīmaṁsā bahiddhā pañca kāmaguṇe ārabbha anuvikkhittā anuvisaṭā—This is called inquiry scattered externally. …ayaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, bahiddhā vikkhittā vīmaṁsā …pe… That’s how, with an open and unenveloped heart, a mendicant develops a mind that’s full of radiance.evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivaṭena cetasā apariyonaddhena sappabhāsaṁ cittaṁ bhāveti. When the four bases of psychic power have been developed and cultivated in this way they’re very fruitful and beneficial.Evaṁ bhāvitā kho, bhikkhave, cattāro iddhipādā evaṁ bahulīkatā mahapphalā honti mahānisaṁsā.

When the four bases of psychic power have been developed and cultivated in this way, a mendicant wields the many kinds of psychic power: multiplying themselves and becoming one again … controlling the body as far as the realm of divinity. …*All the higher knowledges should be understood here.When the four bases of psychic power have been developed and cultivated in this way, they realize the undefiled freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom in this very life. And they live having realized it with their own insight due to the ending of defilements.”

Evaṁ bhāvitesu kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu catūsu iddhipādesu evaṁ bahulīkatesu, anekavihitaṁ iddhividhaṁ paccanubhoti—ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti …pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṁ vatteti. Evaṁ bhāvitesu kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu catūsu iddhipādesu evaṁ bahulīkatesu, āsavānaṁ khayā anāsavaṁ cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī”ti.

When the four bases of psychic power have been developed and cultivated in this way, a mendicant wields the many kinds of psychic power: multiplying themselves and becoming one again … controlling the body as far as the realm of divinity. …*All the higher knowledges should be understood here.Evaṁ bhāvitesu kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu catūsu iddhipādesu evaṁ bahulīkatesu, anekavihitaṁ iddhividhaṁ paccanubhoti—ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti …pe… yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṁ vatteti. When the four bases of psychic power have been developed and cultivated in this way, they realize the undefiled freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom in this very life. And they live having realized it with their own insight due to the ending of defilements.”Evaṁ bhāvitesu kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu catūsu iddhipādesu evaṁ bahulīkatesu, āsavānaṁ khayā anāsavaṁ cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharatī”ti.