PTS cs 15 PTS vp Pali 170 ‘Venerable Nāgasena, it was said by the Elder Sāriputta, the commander of the faith: “The PTS vp En 238 Tathāgata, brethren, is perfect in courtesy of speech. There is no fault of speech in the Tathāgata concerning which he should have to take care that no one else should know it.” And on the other hand the Tathāgata, when promulgating the first Pārājika on the occasion of the offence of Sudinna the Kalanda, addressed him with harsh words, calling him a useless fellow. And that Elder, on being so called, terrified with the fear of his teacher, and overcome with remorse, was unable to comprehend the Excellent Way. Now if the first statement be correct, the allegation that the Tathāgata called Sudinna the Kalanda a useless fellow must be false. But if that be true, then the first statement must be false. PTS vp Pali 171 This too is a double-pointed problem now put to you, and you have to solve it.’
PTS cs 16 ‘What Sāriputta the Elder said is true, O king. And the Blessed One called Sudinna a useless fellow on that occasion. But that was not out of rudeness of disposition, it was merely pointing out the real nature (of his conduct) in a way that would do him no harm. And what herein is meant by PTS vp En 239 “pointing out the real nature.” If any man, O king, in this birth does not attain to the perception of the Four Truths, then is his manhood (his being born as a man) in vain, but if he acts differently he will become different. Therefore is it that he is called a useless fellow. And so the Blessed One addressed Sudinna the Kalanda with words of truth, and not with words apart from the facts.’
PTS cs 17 ‘But, Nāgasena, though a man in abusing another speaks the truth, still we should inflict a small fine upon him. For he is guilty of an offence, inasmuch as he, although for something real, abused him by the use of words that might lead to a breach (of the peace).’
‘Have you ever heard, O king, of a people bowing down before, or rising up from their seats in respect for, or showing honour to, or bringing the complimentary presents (usually given to officials) to a criminal?’
‘No, if a man have committed a crime of whatever sort or kind, if he be really worthy of reproof and punishment, they would rather behead him, or torture PTS vp En 240 him, or bind him with bonds, or put him to death, or deprive him of his goods.’
‘Did then the Blessed One, O king, act with justice or not?’
‘With justice, Sir, and in a most fit and proper way. And when, Nāgasena, they hear of it the world of men and gods will be made tender of conscience, and afraid of falling into sin, struck with awe at the sight of it, and still more so when they themselves associate with wrong-doers, or do wrong.’
PTS cs 18 PTS vp Pali 172 ‘Now would a physician, O king, administer pleasant things as a medicine in a case where all the humours of the body were affected, and the whole frame was disorganised and full of disease?’
‘No. Wishing to put an end to the disease he would give sharp and scarifying drugs.’
‘In the same way, O king, the Tathāgata bestows admonition for the sake of suppressing all the diseases of sin. And the words of the Tathāgata, even when stern, soften men and make them tender. Just as hot water, O king, softens and makes tender anything capable of being softened, so are the words of the Tathāgata, even when stern, yet as full of benefit, and as full of pity as the words of a father would be to his children. Just, O king, as the drinking of evil-smelling decoctions, the swallowing of nasty drugs, destroys the weaknesses of men’s bodies, so are the words of the Tathāgata even when stern, bringers of advantage and laden with pity. And PTS vp En 241 just, O king, as a ball of cotton falling on a man raises no bruise, so do the words of the Tathāgata, even when stern, do no harm.’
‘Well have you made this problem clear by many a simile, Very good, Nāgasena! That is so, and I accept it as you say.’
[End of the dilemma as to the Buddha’s harsh words to Sudinna.]
4. Pharusavācābhāvapañha
4. Pharusavācābhāvapañha
“Bhante nāgasena, bhāsitampetaṁ therena sāriputtena dhammasenāpatinā parisuddhavacīsamācāro āvuso tathāgato, natthi tathāgatassa vacīduccaritaṁ, yaṁ tathāgato rakkheyya ‘mā me idaṁ paro aññāsī’ti. Puna ca tathāgato therassa sudinnassa kalandaputtassa aparādhe pārājikaṁ paññapento pharusāhi vācāhi moghapurisavādena samudācari, tena ca so thero moghapurisavādena maṅkucittavasena rundhitattā vippaṭisārī nāsakkhi ariyamaggaṁ paṭivijjhituṁ. Yadi, bhante nāgasena, parisuddhavacīsamācāro tathāgato, natthi tathāgatassa vacīduccaritaṁ, tena hi tathāgatena therassa sudinnassa kalandaputtassa aparādhe moghapurisavādena samudāciṇṇanti yaṁ vacanaṁ, taṁ micchā. Yadi bhagavatā therassa sudinnassa kalandaputtassa aparādhe moghapurisavādena samudāciṇṇaṁ, tena hi parisuddhavacīsamācāro tathāgato, natthi tathāgatassa vacīduccaritanti tampi vacanaṁ micchā. Ayampi ubhato koṭiko pañho tavānuppatto, so tayā nibbāhitabbo”ti.
“Bhante nāgasena, bhāsitampetaṁ therena sāriputtena dhammasenāpatinā parisuddhavacīsamācāro āvuso tathāgato, natthi tathāgatassa vacīduccaritaṁ, yaṁ tathāgato rakkheyya ‘mā me idaṁ paro aññāsī’ti.
Puna ca tathāgato therassa sudinnassa kalandaputtassa aparādhe pārājikaṁ paññapento pharusāhi vācāhi moghapurisavādena samudācari, tena ca so thero moghapurisavādena maṅkucittavasena rundhitattā vippaṭisārī nāsakkhi ariyamaggaṁ paṭivijjhituṁ.
Yadi, bhante nāgasena, parisuddhavacīsamācāro tathāgato, natthi tathāgatassa vacīduccaritaṁ, tena hi tathāgatena therassa sudinnassa kalandaputtassa aparādhe moghapurisavādena samudāciṇṇanti yaṁ vacanaṁ, taṁ micchā.
Yadi bhagavatā therassa sudinnassa kalandaputtassa aparādhe moghapurisavādena samudāciṇṇaṁ, tena hi parisuddhavacīsamācāro tathāgato, natthi tathāgatassa vacīduccaritanti tampi vacanaṁ micchā.
Ayampi ubhato koṭiko pañho tavānuppatto, so tayā nibbāhitabbo”ti.
“Bhante nāgasena, bhāsitampetaṁ therena sāriputtena dhammasenāpatinā parisuddhavacīsamācāro āvuso tathāgato, natthi tathāgatassa vacīduccaritaṁ, yaṁ tathāgato rakkheyya ‘mā me idaṁ paro aññāsī’ti. Puna ca tathāgato therassa sudinnassa kalandaputtassa aparādhe pārājikaṁ paññapento pharusāhi vācāhi moghapurisavādena samudācari, tena ca so thero moghapurisavādena maṅkucittavasena rundhitattā vippaṭisārī nāsakkhi ariyamaggaṁ paṭivijjhituṁ. Yadi, bhante nāgasena, parisuddhavacīsamācāro tathāgato, natthi tathāgatassa vacīduccaritaṁ, tena hi tathāgatena therassa sudinnassa kalandaputtassa aparādhe moghapurisavādena samudāciṇṇanti yaṁ vacanaṁ, taṁ micchā. Yadi bhagavatā therassa sudinnassa kalandaputtassa aparādhe moghapurisavādena samudāciṇṇaṁ, tena hi parisuddhavacīsamācāro tathāgato, natthi tathāgatassa vacīduccaritanti tampi vacanaṁ micchā. Ayampi ubhato koṭiko pañho tavānuppatto, so tayā nibbāhitabbo”ti.
“Bhāsitampetaṁ, mahārāja, therena sāriputtena dhammasenāpatinā—‘parisuddhavacīsamācāro āvuso tathāgato, natthi tathāgatassa vacīduccaritaṁ, yaṁ tathāgato rakkheyya “mā me idaṁ paro aññāsī”’ti. Āyasmato ca sudinnassa kalandaputtassa aparādhe pārājikaṁ paññapentena bhagavatā moghapurisavādena samudāciṇṇaṁ, tañca pana aduṭṭhacittena asārambhena yāthāvalakkhaṇena. Kiñca tattha yāthāvalakkhaṇaṁ, yassa, mahārāja, puggalassa imasmiṁ attabhāve catusaccābhisamayo na hoti, tassa purisattanaṁ moghaṁ aññaṁ kayiramānaṁ aññena sambhavati, tena vuccati ‘moghapuriso’ti. Iti, mahārāja, bhagavatā āyasmato sudinnassa kalandaputtassa sabhāvavacanena samudāciṇṇaṁ, no abhūtavādenā”ti.
“Bhāsitampetaṁ, mahārāja, therena sāriputtena dhammasenāpatinā—
‘parisuddhavacīsamācāro āvuso tathāgato, natthi tathāgatassa vacīduccaritaṁ, yaṁ tathāgato rakkheyya “mā me idaṁ paro aññāsī”’ti.
Āyasmato ca sudinnassa kalandaputtassa aparādhe pārājikaṁ paññapentena bhagavatā moghapurisavādena samudāciṇṇaṁ, tañca pana aduṭṭhacittena asārambhena yāthāvalakkhaṇena.
Kiñca tattha yāthāvalakkhaṇaṁ, yassa, mahārāja, puggalassa imasmiṁ attabhāve catusaccābhisamayo na hoti, tassa purisattanaṁ moghaṁ aññaṁ kayiramānaṁ aññena sambhavati, tena vuccati ‘moghapuriso’ti.
Iti, mahārāja, bhagavatā āyasmato sudinnassa kalandaputtassa sabhāvavacanena samudāciṇṇaṁ, no abhūtavādenā”ti.
“Bhāsitampetaṁ, mahārāja, therena sāriputtena dhammasenāpatinā—‘parisuddhavacīsamācāro āvuso tathāgato, natthi tathāgatassa vacīduccaritaṁ, yaṁ tathāgato rakkheyya “mā me idaṁ paro aññāsī”’ti. Āyasmato ca sudinnassa kalandaputtassa aparādhe pārājikaṁ paññapentena bhagavatā moghapurisavādena samudāciṇṇaṁ, tañca pana aduṭṭhacittena asārambhena yāthāvalakkhaṇena. Kiñca tattha yāthāvalakkhaṇaṁ, yassa, mahārāja, puggalassa imasmiṁ attabhāve catusaccābhisamayo na hoti, tassa purisattanaṁ moghaṁ aññaṁ kayiramānaṁ aññena sambhavati, tena vuccati ‘moghapuriso’ti. Iti, mahārāja, bhagavatā āyasmato sudinnassa kalandaputtassa sabhāvavacanena samudāciṇṇaṁ, no abhūtavādenā”ti.
“Sabhāvampi, bhante nāgasena, yo akkosanto bhaṇati, tassa mayaṁ kahāpaṇaṁ daṇḍaṁ dhārema, aparādhoyeva so vatthuṁ nissāya visuṁ vohāraṁ ācaranto akkosatī”ti. “Atthi pana, mahārāja, sutapubbaṁ tayā khalitassa abhivādanaṁ vā paccuṭṭhānaṁ vā sakkāraṁ vā upāyanānuppadānaṁ vā”ti? “Na hi, bhante, yato kutoci yattha katthaci khalito, so paribhāsanāraho hoti tajjanāraho, uttamaṅgampissa chindanti hanantipi bandhantipi ghātentipi jhāpentipī”ti. *jhāpentipī”ti → jāpentipīti (bj, pts-vp-pli1)“Tena hi, mahārāja, bhagavatā kiriyāyeva katā, no akiriyā”ti.
“Sabhāvampi, bhante nāgasena, yo akkosanto bhaṇati, tassa mayaṁ kahāpaṇaṁ daṇḍaṁ dhārema, aparādhoyeva so vatthuṁ nissāya visuṁ vohāraṁ ācaranto akkosatī”ti.
“Atthi pana, mahārāja, sutapubbaṁ tayā khalitassa abhivādanaṁ vā paccuṭṭhānaṁ vā sakkāraṁ vā upāyanānuppadānaṁ vā”ti?
“Na hi, bhante, yato kutoci yattha katthaci khalito, so paribhāsanāraho hoti tajjanāraho, uttamaṅgampissa chindanti hanantipi bandhantipi ghātentipi jhāpentipī”ti. *jhāpentipī”ti → jāpentipīti (bj, pts-vp-pli1)
“Tena hi, mahārāja, bhagavatā kiriyāyeva katā, no akiriyā”ti.
“Sabhāvampi, bhante nāgasena, yo akkosanto bhaṇati, tassa mayaṁ kahāpaṇaṁ daṇḍaṁ dhārema, aparādhoyeva so vatthuṁ nissāya visuṁ vohāraṁ ācaranto akkosatī”ti. “Atthi pana, mahārāja, sutapubbaṁ tayā khalitassa abhivādanaṁ vā paccuṭṭhānaṁ vā sakkāraṁ vā upāyanānuppadānaṁ vā”ti? “Na hi, bhante, yato kutoci yattha katthaci khalito, so paribhāsanāraho hoti tajjanāraho, uttamaṅgampissa chindanti hanantipi bandhantipi ghātentipi jhāpentipī”ti. *jhāpentipī”ti → jāpentipīti (bj, pts-vp-pli1)“Tena hi, mahārāja, bhagavatā kiriyāyeva katā, no akiriyā”ti.
“Kiriyampi, bhante nāgasena, kurumānena patirūpena kātabbaṁ anucchavikena, savanenapi, bhante nāgasena, tathāgatassa sadevako loko ottappati hiriyati bhiyyo dassanena tatuttariṁ upasaṅkamanena payirupāsanenā”ti. “Api nu kho, mahārāja, tikicchako abhisanne kāye kupite dose sinehanīyāni bhesajjāni detī”ti? “Na hi, bhante, tiṇhāni lekhanīyāni bhesajjāni detī”ti. “Evameva kho, mahārāja, tathāgato sabbakilesabyādhivūpasamāya anusiṭṭhiṁ deti, pharusāpi, mahārāja, tathāgatassa vācā satte sinehayati, muduke karoti. Yathā, mahārāja, uṇhampi udakaṁ yaṁ kiñci sinehanīyaṁ sinehayati, mudukaṁ karoti; evameva kho, mahārāja, pharusāpi tathāgatassa vācā atthavatī hoti karuṇāsahagatā. Yathā, mahārāja, pituvacanaṁ puttānaṁ atthavantaṁ hoti karuṇāsahagataṁ; evameva kho, mahārāja, pharusāpi tathāgatassa vācā atthavatī hoti karuṇāsahagatā. Pharusāpi, mahārāja, tathāgatassa vācā sattānaṁ kilesappahānā hoti. *kilesappahānā → kilesappahānāya (bj); sabbakilesanāsanā (maku)Yathā, mahārāja, duggandhampi gomuttaṁ pītaṁ virasampi agadaṁ khāyitaṁ sattānaṁ byādhiṁ hanati; evameva kho, mahārāja, pharusāpi tathāgatassa vācā atthavatī karuṇāsahagatā. Yathā, mahārāja, mahantopi tūlapuñjo parassa kāye nipatitvā rujaṁ na karoti; *tūlapuñjo → tūlapicu (si, maku)evameva kho, mahārāja, pharusāpi tathāgatassa vācā na kassaci dukkhaṁ uppādetī”ti. “Suvinicchito, bhante nāgasena, pañho bahūhi kāraṇehi. Sādhu, bhante nāgasena, evametaṁ tathā sampaṭicchāmī”ti.
“Kiriyampi, bhante nāgasena, kurumānena patirūpena kātabbaṁ anucchavikena, savanenapi, bhante nāgasena, tathāgatassa sadevako loko ottappati hiriyati bhiyyo dassanena tatuttariṁ upasaṅkamanena payirupāsanenā”ti.
“Api nu kho, mahārāja, tikicchako abhisanne kāye kupite dose sinehanīyāni bhesajjāni detī”ti?
“Na hi, bhante, tiṇhāni lekhanīyāni bhesajjāni detī”ti.
“Evameva kho, mahārāja, tathāgato sabbakilesabyādhivūpasamāya anusiṭṭhiṁ deti, pharusāpi, mahārāja, tathāgatassa vācā satte sinehayati, muduke karoti.
Yathā, mahārāja, uṇhampi udakaṁ yaṁ kiñci sinehanīyaṁ sinehayati, mudukaṁ karoti;
evameva kho, mahārāja, pharusāpi tathāgatassa vācā atthavatī hoti karuṇāsahagatā.
Yathā, mahārāja, pituvacanaṁ puttānaṁ atthavantaṁ hoti karuṇāsahagataṁ;
evameva kho, mahārāja, pharusāpi tathāgatassa vācā atthavatī hoti karuṇāsahagatā.
Pharusāpi, mahārāja, tathāgatassa vācā sattānaṁ kilesappahānā hoti. *kilesappahānā → kilesappahānāya (bj); sabbakilesanāsanā (maku)
Yathā, mahārāja, duggandhampi gomuttaṁ pītaṁ virasampi agadaṁ khāyitaṁ sattānaṁ byādhiṁ hanati;
evameva kho, mahārāja, pharusāpi tathāgatassa vācā atthavatī karuṇāsahagatā.
Yathā, mahārāja, mahantopi tūlapuñjo parassa kāye nipatitvā rujaṁ na karoti; *tūlapuñjo → tūlapicu (si, maku)
evameva kho, mahārāja, pharusāpi tathāgatassa vācā na kassaci dukkhaṁ uppādetī”ti.
“Suvinicchito, bhante nāgasena, pañho bahūhi kāraṇehi.
Sādhu, bhante nāgasena, evametaṁ tathā sampaṭicchāmī”ti.
“Kiriyampi, bhante nāgasena, kurumānena patirūpena kātabbaṁ anucchavikena, savanenapi, bhante nāgasena, tathāgatassa sadevako loko ottappati hiriyati bhiyyo dassanena tatuttariṁ upasaṅkamanena payirupāsanenā”ti. “Api nu kho, mahārāja, tikicchako abhisanne kāye kupite dose sinehanīyāni bhesajjāni detī”ti? “Na hi, bhante, tiṇhāni lekhanīyāni bhesajjāni detī”ti. “Evameva kho, mahārāja, tathāgato sabbakilesabyādhivūpasamāya anusiṭṭhiṁ deti, pharusāpi, mahārāja, tathāgatassa vācā satte sinehayati, muduke karoti. Yathā, mahārāja, uṇhampi udakaṁ yaṁ kiñci sinehanīyaṁ sinehayati, mudukaṁ karoti; evameva kho, mahārāja, pharusāpi tathāgatassa vācā atthavatī hoti karuṇāsahagatā. Yathā, mahārāja, pituvacanaṁ puttānaṁ atthavantaṁ hoti karuṇāsahagataṁ; evameva kho, mahārāja, pharusāpi tathāgatassa vācā atthavatī hoti karuṇāsahagatā. Pharusāpi, mahārāja, tathāgatassa vācā sattānaṁ kilesappahānā hoti. *kilesappahānā → kilesappahānāya (bj); sabbakilesanāsanā (maku)Yathā, mahārāja, duggandhampi gomuttaṁ pītaṁ virasampi agadaṁ khāyitaṁ sattānaṁ byādhiṁ hanati; evameva kho, mahārāja, pharusāpi tathāgatassa vācā atthavatī karuṇāsahagatā. Yathā, mahārāja, mahantopi tūlapuñjo parassa kāye nipatitvā rujaṁ na karoti; *tūlapuñjo → tūlapicu (si, maku)evameva kho, mahārāja, pharusāpi tathāgatassa vācā na kassaci dukkhaṁ uppādetī”ti. “Suvinicchito, bhante nāgasena, pañho bahūhi kāraṇehi. Sādhu, bhante nāgasena, evametaṁ tathā sampaṭicchāmī”ti.
Pharusavācābhāvapañho catuttho. *Pharusavācābhāvapañho → tathāgatassa pharusa … (bj)
Pharusavācābhāvapañho catuttho. *Pharusavācābhāvapañho → tathāgatassa pharusa … (bj)
Pharusavācābhāvapañho catuttho. *Pharusavācābhāvapañho → tathāgatassa pharusa … (bj)