Minor Collection

3. Dismissal

The Buddha’s Last Illness

Khuddaka Nikāya

3. Paṇāmitavagga

Piṇḍapātamahapphalapañha

Minor Collection

3. Dismissal

The Buddha’s Last Illness

Khuddaka Nikāya

3. Paṇāmitavagga

Piṇḍapātamahapphalapañha

Ruta suttaMil 5.3.6Sutta PiṭakaKhuddaka NikāyaMilindapañha5. Meṇḍakapañha3. PaṇāmitavaggaPiṇḍapātamahapphalapañha

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PTS cs 21 ‘Venerable Nāgasena, it was said by the Elders who held the Recitation:

“When he had eaten Cunda’s alms,
The coppersmith’s—thus have I heard—
The Buddha felt that sickness dire,
That sharp pain even unto death.”

PTS vp En 243 And afterwards the Blessed One said: “These two offerings of food, Ānanda, equal, of equal fruit, and of equal result, are of much greater fruit and much greater result than any others.” Now if sharp sickness fell upon the Blessed One, Nāgasena, after he had partaken of Kunda’s alms, and sharp pains arose within him even unto death, then that other statement must be wrong. But if that is right then the first must be wrong. How could that alms, Nāgasena, be of great fruit when it turned to poison, gave rise to disease, PTS vp Pali 175 put an end to the period of his then existence, took away his life? Explain this to me to the refutation of the adversaries. The people are in bewilderment about this, thinking that the dysentery must have been caused by his eating too much, out of greediness.’

PTS cs 22 1 the Blessed One said, O king, that there were two almsgivings equal, of equal fruit, and equal result, and of much greater fruit, and much greater result than any others—that which, when a Tathāgata has partaken of it, he attains to supreme and perfect Buddhahood (Enlightenment), and that when he has partaken of which, he passes away by that utter passing away in which nothing whatever remains behind. For that alms is full of virtue, full of advantage. The gods, O king, shouted in joy and gladness at the thought: “This is the last meal the Tathāgata will take,” and communicated a divine power of nourishment to that tender PTS vp En 244 pork. And that was itself in good condition, light, pleasant, full of flavour, and good for digestion. It was not because of it that any sickness fell upon the Blessed One, but it was because of the extreme weakness of his body, and because of the period of life he had to live having been exhausted, that the disease arose, and grew worse and worse—just as when, O king, an ordinary fire is burning, if fresh fuel be supplied, it will burn up still more—or PTS vp Pali 176 as when a stream is flowing along as usual, if a PTS vp En 245 heavy rain falls, it will become a mighty river with a great rush of water—or as when the body is of its ordinary girth, if more food be eaten, it becomes broader than before. So this was not, O king, the fault of the food that was presented, and you can not impute any harm to it.’

PTS cs 23 ‘But, venerable Nāgasena, why is it that those two gifts of food are so specially meritorious?’

‘Because of the attainment of the exalted conditions which resulted from them.’

‘Of what conditions, Nāgasena, are you speaking?’

‘Of the attainment of the nine successive states which were passed through at first in one order, and then in the reverse order.’

‘It was on two days, was it not, Nāgasena, that the Tathāgata attained to those conditions in the highest degree?’

‘Yes, O king.’

‘It is a most wonderful thing, Nāgasena, and a most strange, that of all the great and glorious gifts which were bestowed upon our Blessed One not one can be compared with these two almsgivings. Most marvellous is it, that even as those PTS vp En 246 nine successive conditions are glorious, even so are those gifts made, by their glory, PTS vp Pali 177 of greater fruit, and of greater advantage than any others. Very good, Nāgasena! That is so, and I accept it as you say.

Here ends the dilemma as to the Buddha’s last illness.

6. Piṇḍapātamahapphalapañha

“Bhante nāgasena, bhāsitampetaṁ dhammasaṅgītikārakehi therehi—

‘Cundassa bhattaṁ bhuñjitvā, Kammārassāti me sutaṁ; Ābādhaṁ samphusī dhīro, Pabāḷhaṁ māraṇantikan’ti.

‘Cundassa bhattaṁ bhuñjitvā,

Kammārassāti me sutaṁ;

Ābādhaṁ samphusī dhīro,

Pabāḷhaṁ māraṇantikan’ti.

‘Cundassa bhattaṁ bhuñjitvā, Kammārassāti me sutaṁ; Ābādhaṁ samphusī dhīro, Pabāḷhaṁ māraṇantikan’ti.

Puna ca bhagavatā bhaṇitaṁ—‘dveme, ānanda, piṇḍapātā samasamaphalā samavipākā ativiya aññehi piṇḍapātehi mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṁsatarā ca. Katame dve? Yañca piṇḍapātaṁ paribhuñjitvā tathāgato anuttaraṁ sammāsambodhiṁ abhisambujjhi, yañca piṇḍapātaṁ paribhuñjitvā tathāgato anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyati. *parinibbāyati → parinibbāyi (bj)Ime dve piṇḍapātā samasamaphalā samavipākā, ativiya aññehi piṇḍapātehi mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṁsatarā cā’ti. Yadi, bhante nāgasena, bhagavato cundassa bhattaṁ bhuttāvissa kharo ābādho uppanno, pabāḷhā ca vedanā pavattā māraṇantikā, tena hi ‘dveme, ānanda, piṇḍapātā samasamaphalā samavipākā ativiya aññehi piṇḍapātehi mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṁsatarā cā’ti yaṁ vacanaṁ, taṁ micchā. *bhuttāvissa → bhuñjitvā (si, maku)Yadi dveme piṇḍapātā samasamaphalā samavipākā ativiya aññehi piṇḍapātehi mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṁsatarā ca, tena hi bhagavato cundassa bhattaṁ bhuttāvissa kharo ābādho uppanno, pabāḷhā ca vedanā pavattā māraṇantikāti tampi vacanaṁ micchā. *bhuttāvissa → bhuñjitvā (si, maku)Kiṁ nu kho, bhante nāgasena, so piṇḍapāto visagatatāya mahapphalo, roguppādakatāya mahapphalo, āyuvināsakatāya mahapphalo, bhagavato jīvitaharaṇatāya mahapphalo? Tattha me kāraṇaṁ brūhi paravādānaṁ niggahāya, etthāyaṁ jano sammūḷho lobhavasena atibahuṁ khāyitena lohitapakkhandikā uppannāti. Ayampi ubhato koṭiko pañho tavānuppatto, so tayā nibbāhitabbo”ti.

Puna ca bhagavatā bhaṇitaṁ—

‘dveme, ānanda, piṇḍapātā samasamaphalā samavipākā ativiya aññehi piṇḍapātehi mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṁsatarā ca.

Katame dve?

Ime dve piṇḍapātā samasamaphalā samavipākā, ativiya aññehi piṇḍapātehi mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṁsatarā cā’ti.

Yadi, bhante nāgasena, bhagavato cundassa bhattaṁ bhuttāvissa kharo ābādho uppanno, pabāḷhā ca vedanā pavattā māraṇantikā, tena hi ‘dveme, ānanda, piṇḍapātā samasamaphalā samavipākā ativiya aññehi piṇḍapātehi mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṁsatarā cā’ti yaṁ vacanaṁ, taṁ micchā. *

Yadi dveme piṇḍapātā samasamaphalā samavipākā ativiya aññehi piṇḍapātehi mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṁsatarā ca, tena hi bhagavato cundassa bhattaṁ bhuttāvissa kharo ābādho uppanno, pabāḷhā ca vedanā pavattā māraṇantikāti tampi vacanaṁ micchā. *

Kiṁ nu kho, bhante nāgasena, so piṇḍapāto visagatatāya mahapphalo, roguppādakatāya mahapphalo, āyuvināsakatāya mahapphalo, bhagavato jīvitaharaṇatāya mahapphalo?

Tattha me kāraṇaṁ brūhi paravādānaṁ niggahāya, etthāyaṁ jano sammūḷho lobhavasena atibahuṁ khāyitena lohitapakkhandikā uppannāti.

Ayampi ubhato koṭiko pañho tavānuppatto, so tayā nibbāhitabbo”ti.

“Bhāsitampetaṁ, mahārāja, dhammasaṅgītikārakehi therehi—

‘Cundassa bhattaṁ bhuñjitvā, kammārassāti me sutaṁ; Ābādhaṁ samphusī dhīro, pabāḷhaṁ māraṇantikan’ti.

‘Cundassa bhattaṁ bhuñjitvā,

kammārassāti me sutaṁ;

Ābādhaṁ samphusī dhīro,

pabāḷhaṁ māraṇantikan’ti.

‘Cundassa bhattaṁ bhuñjitvā, kammārassāti me sutaṁ; Ābādhaṁ samphusī dhīro, pabāḷhaṁ māraṇantikan’ti.

Bhagavatā ca bhaṇitaṁ—‘dveme, ānanda, piṇḍapātā samasamaphalā samavipākā ativiya aññehi piṇḍapātehi mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṁsatarā ca. Katame dve? Yañca piṇḍapātaṁ paribhuñjitvā tathāgato anuttaraṁ sammāsambodhiṁ abhisambujjhi, yañca piṇḍapātaṁ paribhuñjitvā tathāgato anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyati, ime dve piṇḍapātā samasamaphalā samavipākā, ativiya aññehi piṇḍapātehi mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṁsatarā cā’ti.

Bhagavatā ca bhaṇitaṁ—

‘dveme, ānanda, piṇḍapātā samasamaphalā samavipākā ativiya aññehi piṇḍapātehi mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṁsatarā ca.

Katame dve?

Yañca piṇḍapātaṁ paribhuñjitvā tathāgato anuttaraṁ sammāsambodhiṁ abhisambujjhi, yañca piṇḍapātaṁ paribhuñjitvā tathāgato anupādisesāya nibbānadhātuyā parinibbāyati, ime dve piṇḍapātā samasamaphalā samavipākā, ativiya aññehi piṇḍapātehi mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṁsatarā cā’ti.

So pana piṇḍapāto bahuguṇo anekānisaṁso. Devatā, mahārāja, haṭṭhā pasannamānasā ‘ayaṁ bhagavato pacchimo piṇḍapāto’ti dibbaṁ ojaṁ sūkaramaddave ākiriṁsu. Tañca pana sammāpākaṁ lahupākaṁ manuññaṁ bahurasaṁ jaṭṭharaggitejassa hitaṁ. *lahupākaṁ → bahupākaṁ (maku)Na, mahārāja, tatonidānaṁ bhagavato koci anuppanno rogo uppanno, api ca, mahārāja, bhagavato pakatidubbale sarīre khīṇe āyusaṅkhāre uppanno rogo bhiyyo abhivaḍḍhi.

So pana piṇḍapāto bahuguṇo anekānisaṁso.

Devatā, mahārāja, haṭṭhā pasannamānasā ‘ayaṁ bhagavato pacchimo piṇḍapāto’ti dibbaṁ ojaṁ sūkaramaddave ākiriṁsu.

Tañca pana sammāpākaṁ lahupākaṁ manuññaṁ bahurasaṁ jaṭṭharaggitejassa hitaṁ. *

Na, mahārāja, tatonidānaṁ bhagavato koci anuppanno rogo uppanno, api ca, mahārāja, bhagavato pakatidubbale sarīre khīṇe āyusaṅkhāre uppanno rogo bhiyyo abhivaḍḍhi.

Yathā, mahārāja, pakatiyā jalamāno aggi aññasmiṁ upādāne dinne bhiyyo pajjalati; evameva kho, mahārāja, bhagavato pakatidubbale sarīre khīṇe āyusaṅkhāre uppanno rogo bhiyyo abhivaḍḍhi.

Yathā, mahārāja, pakatiyā jalamāno aggi aññasmiṁ upādāne dinne bhiyyo pajjalati;

evameva kho, mahārāja, bhagavato pakatidubbale sarīre khīṇe āyusaṅkhāre uppanno rogo bhiyyo abhivaḍḍhi.

Yathā vā pana, mahārāja, soto pakatiyā sandamāno abhivuṭṭhe mahāmeghe bhiyyo mahogho udakavāhako hoti; evameva kho, mahārāja, bhagavato pakatidubbale sarīre khīṇe āyusaṅkhāre uppanno rogo bhiyyo abhivaḍḍhi.

Yathā vā pana, mahārāja, soto pakatiyā sandamāno abhivuṭṭhe mahāmeghe bhiyyo mahogho udakavāhako hoti;

evameva kho, mahārāja, bhagavato pakatidubbale sarīre khīṇe āyusaṅkhāre uppanno rogo bhiyyo abhivaḍḍhi.

Yathā vā pana, mahārāja, pakatiyā abhisannadhātu kucchi aññasmiṁ ajjhoharite bhiyyo āyameyya; *āyameyya → āmayeyya (bj); āmiyeyya (si); āmiyati (maku)evameva kho, mahārāja, bhagavato pakatidubbale sarīre khīṇe āyusaṅkhāre uppanno rogo bhiyyo abhivaḍḍhi, natthi, mahārāja, tasmiṁ piṇḍapāte doso, na ca tassa sakkā dosaṁ āropetun”ti.

Yathā vā pana, mahārāja, pakatiyā abhisannadhātu kucchi aññasmiṁ ajjhoharite bhiyyo āyameyya; *

evameva kho, mahārāja, bhagavato pakatidubbale sarīre khīṇe āyusaṅkhāre uppanno rogo bhiyyo abhivaḍḍhi, natthi, mahārāja, tasmiṁ piṇḍapāte doso, na ca tassa sakkā dosaṁ āropetun”ti.

“Bhante nāgasena, kena kāraṇena te dve piṇḍapātā samasamaphalā samavipākā ativiya aññehi piṇḍapātehi mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṁsatarā cā”ti? “Dhammānumajjanasamāpattivasena, mahārāja, te dve piṇḍapātā samasamaphalā samavipākā ativiya aññehi piṇḍapātehi mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṁsatarā cā”ti.

“Bhante nāgasena, kena kāraṇena te dve piṇḍapātā samasamaphalā samavipākā ativiya aññehi piṇḍapātehi mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṁsatarā cā”ti?

“Dhammānumajjanasamāpattivasena, mahārāja, te dve piṇḍapātā samasamaphalā samavipākā ativiya aññehi piṇḍapātehi mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṁsatarā cā”ti.

“Bhante nāgasena, katamesaṁ dhammānaṁ anumajjanasamāpattivasena te dve piṇḍapātā samasamaphalā samavipākā ativiya aññehi piṇḍapātehi mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṁsatarā cā”ti? “Navannaṁ, mahārāja, anupubbavihārasamāpattīnaṁ anulomappaṭilomasamāpajjanavasena te dve piṇḍapātā samasamaphalā samavipākā ativiya aññehi piṇḍapātehi mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṁsatarā cā”ti.

“Navannaṁ, mahārāja, anupubbavihārasamāpattīnaṁ anulomappaṭilomasamāpajjanavasena te dve piṇḍapātā samasamaphalā samavipākā ativiya aññehi piṇḍapātehi mahapphalatarā ca mahānisaṁsatarā cā”ti.

“Bhante nāgasena, dvīsuyeva divasesu adhimattaṁ tathāgato navānupubbavihārasamāpattiyo anulomappaṭilomaṁ samāpajjī”ti? “Āma, mahārājā”ti.

“Bhante nāgasena, dvīsuyeva divasesu adhimattaṁ tathāgato navānupubbavihārasamāpattiyo anulomappaṭilomaṁ samāpajjī”ti?

“Āma, mahārājā”ti.

“Bhante nāgasena, dvīsuyeva divasesu adhimattaṁ tathāgato navānupubbavihārasamāpattiyo anulomappaṭilomaṁ samāpajjī”ti? “Āma, mahārājā”ti.

“Acchariyaṁ, bhante nāgasena, abbhutaṁ, bhante nāgasena. Yaṁ imasmiṁ buddhakkhette asadisaṁ paramadānaṁ, tampi imehi dvīhi piṇḍapātehi agaṇitaṁ. Acchariyaṁ, bhante nāgasena, abbhutaṁ, bhante nāgasena. Yāva mahantā navānupubbavihārasamāpattiyo, yatra hi nāma navānupubbavihārasamāpattivasena dānaṁ mahapphalataraṁ hoti mahānisaṁsatarañca. Sādhu, bhante nāgasena, evametaṁ tathā sampaṭicchāmī”ti.

“Acchariyaṁ, bhante nāgasena, abbhutaṁ, bhante nāgasena.

Yaṁ imasmiṁ buddhakkhette asadisaṁ paramadānaṁ, tampi imehi dvīhi piṇḍapātehi agaṇitaṁ.

Acchariyaṁ, bhante nāgasena, abbhutaṁ, bhante nāgasena.

Yāva mahantā navānupubbavihārasamāpattiyo, yatra hi nāma navānupubbavihārasamāpattivasena dānaṁ mahapphalataraṁ hoti mahānisaṁsatarañca.

Sādhu, bhante nāgasena, evametaṁ tathā sampaṭicchāmī”ti.

Piṇḍapātamahapphalapañho chaṭṭho. *Piṇḍapātamahapphalapañho → piṇḍapātamahapphalabhāvapañho (bj); dvinnaṁ piṇḍapātānaṁ mahapphalabhāvapañho (maku)

Piṇḍapātamahapphalapañho chaṭṭho. *

Piṇḍapātamahapphalapañho chaṭṭho. *Piṇḍapātamahapphalapañho → piṇḍapātamahapphalabhāvapañho (bj); dvinnaṁ piṇḍapātānaṁ mahapphalabhāvapañho (maku)