Mount Vepulla

At one time the BuddhaBuddhaEl nombre dado a quien redescubre por sí mismo el sendero liberador del Dhamma, tras un largo período de haber sido olvidado por el mundo. Según la tradición, una larga línea de Buddhas se extiende hasta el pasado distante. El Buddha más reciente nació como Siddhattha Gotama en la India alrededor del año 500 a.e.c. Un joven bien educado y acomodado, renunció a su familia y su herencia principesca en la flor de la vida para buscar la verdadera libertad y el fin del sufrimiento (dukkha). Después de siete años de austeridades en el bosque, redescubrió el «camino medio» y alcanzó su meta, convirtiéndose en el Buddha.Ver en el glosario was staying near Rājagaha, on the Vulture’s Peak Mountain. There the Buddha addressed the mendicants, “Mendicants!”

Ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi: “bhikkhavo”ti.

At one time the BuddhaBuddhaEl nombre dado a quien redescubre por sí mismo el sendero liberador del Dhamma, tras un largo período de haber sido olvidado por el mundo. Según la tradición, una larga línea de Buddhas se extiende hasta el pasado distante. El Buddha más reciente nació como Siddhattha Gotama en la India alrededor del año 500 a.e.c. Un joven bien educado y acomodado, renunció a su familia y su herencia principesca en la flor de la vida para buscar la verdadera libertad y el fin del sufrimiento (dukkha). Después de siete años de austeridades en el bosque, redescubrió el «camino medio» y alcanzó su meta, convirtiéndose en el Buddha.Ver en el glosario was staying near Rājagaha, on the Vulture’s Peak Mountain. Ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā rājagahe viharati gijjhakūṭe pabbate. There the Buddha addressed the mendicants, Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi: “Mendicants!” “bhikkhavo”ti.

“Venerable sir,” they replied. The Buddha said this:

“Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ. Bhagavā etadavoca:

“Venerable sir,” they replied. “Bhadante”ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ. The Buddha said this: Bhagavā etadavoca:

“Mendicants, this transmigration has no known beginning. No first point is found of sentient beings roaming and transmigrating, shrouded by ignorance and fettered by craving. Once upon a time, mendicants, this Mount Vepulla was known as Pācīnavaṁsa.*For Vepulla, see SN 15.10:2.2. | A pācīnavaṁsa was a hall or shed built for the ritual, with bamboo (vaṁsa) beams running easterly (pācīna; Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa 3.1.1.6 and Eggeling’s note). Perhaps the mountain was noted as the site for the introduction of this ritual institution. In the Buddha’s day, there was a “Park of the East-Raftered Hall” in Cetī (MN 128:8.1, AN 8.30:1.2). And at that time people were known as Tivaras.*Tivara may be connected to Vedic trivarūtha, the “triple defence”. This may be connected with the fortifications for which Rājagaha is famous. But by Vedic times it acquired a religious sense, here suggesting the people who have the protection of the gods due to their correct performance of the ritual in their hall. The “triple defence” can be seen as a precursor of the Buddhist triple refuge. The lifespan of the Tivaras was 40,000 years.*For the long lifespans of humans in the past, see AN 7.74:9.1. Declining lifespans are charted at DN 26:14.2. It took them four days to climb Mount Vepulla, and four days to descend. At that time Kakusandha, the Blessed One, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha arose in the world.*Kakusandha and the other Buddhas are mentioned at SN 12.7–10. His lifespan of 40,000 years is confirmed at DN 14:1.7.4. Kakusandha had a fine pair of chief disciples named Vidhura and Sañjīva.*The pairs of disciples are listed at DN 14:1.9.1. A story of Sañjīva is given at MN 50:9.2. See, mendicants! This mountain’s name has vanished, those people have passed away, and that Buddha has become fully quenched. So impermanent are conditions, so unstable are conditions, so unreliable are conditions. This is quite enough for you to become disillusioned, dispassionate, and freed regarding all conditions.

“Anamataggoyaṁ, bhikkhave, saṁsāro. Pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṁ sattānaṁ taṇhāsaṁyojanānaṁ sandhāvataṁ saṁsarataṁ. Bhūtapubbaṁ, bhikkhave, imassa vepullassa pabbatassa ‘pācīnavaṁso’tveva samaññā udapādi. Tena kho pana, bhikkhave, samayena manussānaṁ ‘tivarā’tveva samaññā udapādi. Tivarānaṁ, bhikkhave, manussānaṁ cattārīsa vassasahassāni āyuppamāṇaṁ ahosi. Tivarā, bhikkhave, manussā pācīnavaṁsaṁ pabbataṁ catūhena ārohanti, catūhena orohanti. Tena kho pana, bhikkhave, samayena kakusandho bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho loke uppanno hoti. Kakusandhassa, bhikkhave, bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa vidhurasañjīvaṁ nāmanāmaOriginalmente se refería a la función psicológica central de conceptualizar y nombrar cosas. Gradualmente evolucionó para abarcar todos los fenómenos mentales. En los suttas a veces se define como vedanā (sensación), saññā (percepción), cetanā (intención, volición), phassa (contacto sensorial), y manasikāra (atención, advertencia). Comparar con rūpa. En el Abhidhamma, nāma pasó a referirse a los componentes mentales de los cinco khandhas.Ver en el glosario sāvakayugaṁ ahosi aggaṁ bhaddayugaṁ. Passatha, bhikkhave, sā cevimassa pabbatassa samaññā antarahitā, te ca manussā kālaṅkatā, so ca bhagavā parinibbuto. Evaṁ aniccā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā; evaṁ addhuvā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā; evaṁ anassāsikā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā. Yāvañcidaṁ, bhikkhave, alameva sabbasaṅkhāresu nibbindituṁ, alaṁ virajjituṁ, alaṁ vimuccituṁ.

“Mendicants, this transmigration has no known beginning. “Anamataggoyaṁ, bhikkhave, saṁsāro. No first point is found of sentient beings roaming and transmigrating, shrouded by ignorance and fettered by craving. Pubbā koṭi na paññāyati avijjānīvaraṇānaṁ sattānaṁ taṇhāsaṁyojanānaṁ sandhāvataṁ saṁsarataṁ. Once upon a time, mendicants, this Mount Vepulla was known as Pācīnavaṁsa.*For Vepulla, see SN 15.10:2.2. | A pācīnavaṁsa was a hall or shed built for the ritual, with bamboo (vaṁsa) beams running easterly (pācīna; Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa 3.1.1.6 and Eggeling’s note). Perhaps the mountain was noted as the site for the introduction of this ritual institution. In the Buddha’s day, there was a “Park of the East-Raftered Hall” in Cetī (MN 128:8.1, AN 8.30:1.2).Bhūtapubbaṁ, bhikkhave, imassa vepullassa pabbatassa ‘pācīnavaṁso’tveva samaññā udapādi. And at that time people were known as Tivaras.*Tivara may be connected to Vedic trivarūtha, the “triple defence”. This may be connected with the fortifications for which Rājagaha is famous. But by Vedic times it acquired a religious sense, here suggesting the people who have the protection of the gods due to their correct performance of the ritual in their hall. The “triple defence” can be seen as a precursor of the Buddhist triple refuge.Tena kho pana, bhikkhave, samayena manussānaṁ ‘tivarā’tveva samaññā udapādi. The lifespan of the Tivaras was 40,000 years.*For the long lifespans of humans in the past, see AN 7.74:9.1. Declining lifespans are charted at DN 26:14.2.Tivarānaṁ, bhikkhave, manussānaṁ cattārīsa vassasahassāni āyuppamāṇaṁ ahosi. It took them four days to climb Mount Vepulla, and four days to descend. Tivarā, bhikkhave, manussā pācīnavaṁsaṁ pabbataṁ catūhena ārohanti, catūhena orohanti. At that time Kakusandha, the Blessed One, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha arose in the world.*Kakusandha and the other Buddhas are mentioned at SN 12.7–10. His lifespan of 40,000 years is confirmed at DN 14:1.7.4.Tena kho pana, bhikkhave, samayena kakusandho bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho loke uppanno hoti. Kakusandha had a fine pair of chief disciples named Vidhura and Sañjīva.*The pairs of disciples are listed at DN 14:1.9.1. A story of Sañjīva is given at MN 50:9.2.Kakusandhassa, bhikkhave, bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa vidhurasañjīvaṁ nāmanāmaOriginalmente se refería a la función psicológica central de conceptualizar y nombrar cosas. Gradualmente evolucionó para abarcar todos los fenómenos mentales. En los suttas a veces se define como vedanā (sensación), saññā (percepción), cetanā (intención, volición), phassa (contacto sensorial), y manasikāra (atención, advertencia). Comparar con rūpa. En el Abhidhamma, nāma pasó a referirse a los componentes mentales de los cinco khandhas.Ver en el glosario sāvakayugaṁ ahosi aggaṁ bhaddayugaṁ. See, mendicants! This mountain’s name has vanished, those people have passed away, and that Buddha has become fully quenched. Passatha, bhikkhave, sā cevimassa pabbatassa samaññā antarahitā, te ca manussā kālaṅkatā, so ca bhagavā parinibbuto. So impermanent are conditions, Evaṁ aniccā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā; so unstable are conditions, evaṁ addhuvā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā; so unreliable are conditions. evaṁ anassāsikā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā. This is quite enough for you to become disillusioned, dispassionate, and freed regarding all conditions. Yāvañcidaṁ, bhikkhave, alameva sabbasaṅkhāresu nibbindituṁ, alaṁ virajjituṁ, alaṁ vimuccituṁ.

Once upon a time this Mount Vepulla was known as Vaṅkaka. And at that time people were known as Rohitassas.*These two terms are found in Rig Veda 4.6.9, “red horses going straight, going well” (rohitāsa ṛjvañcaḥ svañcaḥ), where rohitassa is the “red horse” of the sunbeams (SN 2.26), and Sanskrit vañca is evidently found in Pali vaṅka in the sense “going” (unless it is from vañcati, “fire”). Perhaps the mountain was named for the flashing beams of sunlight that broke over it at dawn. The lifespan of the Rohitassas was 30,000 years. It took them three days to climb Mount Vepulla, and three days to descend. At that time Koṇāgamana, the Blessed One, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha arose in the world.*His lifespan is confirmed at DN 14:1.7.5. Koṇāgamana had a fine pair of chief disciples named Bhiyyosa and Uttara. See, mendicants! This mountain’s name has vanished, those people have passed away, and that Buddha has become fully quenched. So impermanent are conditions …

Bhūtapubbaṁ, bhikkhave, imassa vepullassa pabbatassa ‘vaṅkako’tveva samaññā udapādi. Tena kho pana, bhikkhave, samayena manussānaṁ ‘rohitassā’tveva samaññā udapādi. Rohitassānaṁ, bhikkhave, manussānaṁ tiṁsavassasahassāni āyuppamāṇaṁ ahosi. Rohitassā, bhikkhave, manussā vaṅkakaṁ pabbataṁ tīhena ārohanti, tīhena orohanti. Tena kho pana, bhikkhave, samayena koṇāgamano bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho loke uppanno hoti. Koṇāgamanassa, bhikkhave, bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa bhiyyosuttaraṁ nāma sāvakayugaṁ ahosi aggaṁ bhaddayugaṁ. Passatha, bhikkhave, sā cevimassa pabbatassa samaññā antarahitā, te ca manussā kālaṅkatā, so ca bhagavā parinibbuto. Evaṁ aniccā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā …pe… alaṁ vimuccituṁ.

Once upon a time this Mount Vepulla was known as Vaṅkaka. Bhūtapubbaṁ, bhikkhave, imassa vepullassa pabbatassa ‘vaṅkako’tveva samaññā udapādi. And at that time people were known as Rohitassas.*These two terms are found in Rig Veda 4.6.9, “red horses going straight, going well” (rohitāsa ṛjvañcaḥ svañcaḥ), where rohitassa is the “red horse” of the sunbeams (SN 2.26), and Sanskrit vañca is evidently found in Pali vaṅka in the sense “going” (unless it is from vañcati, “fire”). Perhaps the mountain was named for the flashing beams of sunlight that broke over it at dawn.Tena kho pana, bhikkhave, samayena manussānaṁ ‘rohitassā’tveva samaññā udapādi. The lifespan of the Rohitassas was 30,000 years. Rohitassānaṁ, bhikkhave, manussānaṁ tiṁsavassasahassāni āyuppamāṇaṁ ahosi. It took them three days to climb Mount Vepulla, and three days to descend. Rohitassā, bhikkhave, manussā vaṅkakaṁ pabbataṁ tīhena ārohanti, tīhena orohanti. At that time Koṇāgamana, the Blessed One, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha arose in the world.*His lifespan is confirmed at DN 14:1.7.5.Tena kho pana, bhikkhave, samayena koṇāgamano bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho loke uppanno hoti. Koṇāgamana had a fine pair of chief disciples named Bhiyyosa and Uttara. Koṇāgamanassa, bhikkhave, bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa bhiyyosuttaraṁ nāma sāvakayugaṁ ahosi aggaṁ bhaddayugaṁ. See, mendicants! This mountain’s name has vanished, those people have passed away, and that Buddha has become fully quenched. Passatha, bhikkhave, sā cevimassa pabbatassa samaññā antarahitā, te ca manussā kālaṅkatā, so ca bhagavā parinibbuto. So impermanent are conditions … Evaṁ aniccā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā …pe… alaṁ vimuccituṁ.

Once upon a time this Mount Vepulla was known as Supassa.*Supassa is “Fairslope”, a name used for several mountains, including one on the eastern side of mount Meru. And at that time people were known as Suppiyas.*The “well-loved”. The lifespan of the Suppiyas was 20,000 years. It took them two days to climb Mount Vepulla, and two days to descend. At that time Kassapa, the Blessed One, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha arose in the world.*Stories of Kassapa, the Buddha immediately preceding Gotama, are found at MN 81 and AN 5.180. His lifespan is given at DN 14:1.7.6. Kassapa had a fine pair of chief disciples named Tissa and Bhāradvāja. See, mendicants! This mountain’s name has vanished, those people have passed away, and that Buddha has become fully quenched. So impermanent are conditions …

Bhūtapubbaṁ, bhikkhave, imassa vepullassa pabbatassa ‘supasso’tveva samaññā udapādi.*supasso’tveva → suphasso tveva (bj) Tena kho pana, bhikkhave, samayena manussānaṁ ‘suppiyā’tveva samaññā udapādi.*suppiyā’tveva → appiyā tveva (bj) Suppiyānaṁ, bhikkhave, manussānaṁ vīsativassasahassāni āyuppamāṇaṁ ahosi. Suppiyā, bhikkhave, manussā supassaṁ pabbataṁ dvīhena ārohanti, dvīhena orohanti. Tena kho pana, bhikkhave, samayena kassapo bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho loke uppanno hoti. Kassapassa, bhikkhave, bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa tissabhāradvājaṁ nāma sāvakayugaṁ ahosi aggaṁ bhaddayugaṁ. Passatha, bhikkhave, sā cevimassa pabbatassa samaññā antarahitā, te ca manussā kālaṅkatā, so ca bhagavā parinibbuto. Evaṁ aniccā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā; evaṁ addhuvā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā …pe… alaṁ vimuccituṁ.

Once upon a time this Mount Vepulla was known as Supassa.*Supassa is “Fairslope”, a name used for several mountains, including one on the eastern side of mount Meru.Bhūtapubbaṁ, bhikkhave, imassa vepullassa pabbatassa ‘supasso’tveva samaññā udapādi.*supasso’tveva → suphasso tveva (bj)And at that time people were known as Suppiyas.*The “well-loved”.Tena kho pana, bhikkhave, samayena manussānaṁ ‘suppiyā’tveva samaññā udapādi.*suppiyā’tveva → appiyā tveva (bj)The lifespan of the Suppiyas was 20,000 years. Suppiyānaṁ, bhikkhave, manussānaṁ vīsativassasahassāni āyuppamāṇaṁ ahosi. It took them two days to climb Mount Vepulla, and two days to descend. Suppiyā, bhikkhave, manussā supassaṁ pabbataṁ dvīhena ārohanti, dvīhena orohanti. At that time Kassapa, the Blessed One, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha arose in the world.*Stories of Kassapa, the Buddha immediately preceding Gotama, are found at MN 81 and AN 5.180. His lifespan is given at DN 14:1.7.6.Tena kho pana, bhikkhave, samayena kassapo bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho loke uppanno hoti. Kassapa had a fine pair of chief disciples named Tissa and Bhāradvāja. Kassapassa, bhikkhave, bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa tissabhāradvājaṁ nāma sāvakayugaṁ ahosi aggaṁ bhaddayugaṁ. See, mendicants! This mountain’s name has vanished, those people have passed away, and that Buddha has become fully quenched. Passatha, bhikkhave, sā cevimassa pabbatassa samaññā antarahitā, te ca manussā kālaṅkatā, so ca bhagavā parinibbuto. So impermanent are conditions … Evaṁ aniccā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā; evaṁ addhuvā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā …pe… alaṁ vimuccituṁ.

These days this Mount Vepulla is known as Vepulla. And these people are known as Magadhans. The lifespan of the Magadhans is short, brief, and fleeting. A long life is a hundred years or a little more. It takes the Magadhans an hour to climb Mount Vepulla, and an hour to descend.*Kauṭilya says there are fifteen muhuttas (Sanskrit muhūrta) per day, and fifteen per night, making 48 minutes (Arthaśāstra 2.20.37). And now I am the Blessed One, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha who has arisen in the world. I have a fine pair of chief disciples named Sāriputta and Moggallāna. There will come a time when this mountain’s name will vanish, those people will die, and I will be fully extinguished. So impermanent are conditions, so unstable are conditions, so unreliable are conditions. This is quite enough for you to become disillusioned, dispassionate, and freed regarding all conditions.”

Etarahi kho pana, bhikkhave, imassa vepullassa pabbatassa ‘vepullo’tveva samaññā udapādi. Etarahi kho pana, bhikkhave, imesaṁ manussānaṁ ‘māgadhakā’tveva samaññā udapādi. Māgadhakānaṁ, bhikkhave, manussānaṁ appakaṁ āyuppamāṇaṁ parittaṁ lahukaṁ;*lahukaṁ → lahusaṁ (bj) yo ciraṁ jīvati so vassasataṁ appaṁ vā bhiyyo. Māgadhakā, bhikkhave, manussā vepullaṁ pabbataṁ muhuttena ārohanti muhuttena orohanti. Etarahi kho panāhaṁ, bhikkhave, arahaṁ sammāsambuddho loke uppanno. Mayhaṁ kho pana, bhikkhave, sāriputtamoggallānaṁ nāma sāvakayugaṁ aggaṁ bhaddayugaṁ. Bhavissati, bhikkhave, so samayo yā ayañcevimassa pabbatassa samaññā antaradhāyissati, ime ca manussā kālaṁ karissanti, ahañca parinibbāyissāmi. Evaṁ aniccā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā; evaṁ addhuvā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā; evaṁ anassāsikā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā. Yāvañcidaṁ, bhikkhave, alameva sabbasaṅkhāresu nibbindituṁ, alaṁ virajjituṁ, alaṁ vimuccitun”ti.

These days this Mount Vepulla is known as Vepulla. Etarahi kho pana, bhikkhave, imassa vepullassa pabbatassa ‘vepullo’tveva samaññā udapādi. And these people are known as Magadhans. Etarahi kho pana, bhikkhave, imesaṁ manussānaṁ ‘māgadhakā’tveva samaññā udapādi. The lifespan of the Magadhans is short, brief, and fleeting. Māgadhakānaṁ, bhikkhave, manussānaṁ appakaṁ āyuppamāṇaṁ parittaṁ lahukaṁ;*lahukaṁ → lahusaṁ (bj)A long life is a hundred years or a little more. yo ciraṁ jīvati so vassasataṁ appaṁ vā bhiyyo. It takes the Magadhans an hour to climb Mount Vepulla, and an hour to descend.*Kauṭilya says there are fifteen muhuttas (Sanskrit muhūrta) per day, and fifteen per night, making 48 minutes (Arthaśāstra 2.20.37).Māgadhakā, bhikkhave, manussā vepullaṁ pabbataṁ muhuttena ārohanti muhuttena orohanti. And now I am the Blessed One, the perfected one, the fully awakened Buddha who has arisen in the world. Etarahi kho panāhaṁ, bhikkhave, arahaṁ sammāsambuddho loke uppanno. I have a fine pair of chief disciples named Sāriputta and Moggallāna. Mayhaṁ kho pana, bhikkhave, sāriputtamoggallānaṁ nāma sāvakayugaṁ aggaṁ bhaddayugaṁ. There will come a time when this mountain’s name will vanish, those people will die, and I will be fully extinguished. Bhavissati, bhikkhave, so samayo yā ayañcevimassa pabbatassa samaññā antaradhāyissati, ime ca manussā kālaṁ karissanti, ahañca parinibbāyissāmi. So impermanent are conditions, Evaṁ aniccā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā; so unstable are conditions, evaṁ addhuvā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā; so unreliable are conditions. evaṁ anassāsikā, bhikkhave, saṅkhārā. This is quite enough for you to become disillusioned, dispassionate, and freed regarding all conditions.” Yāvañcidaṁ, bhikkhave, alameva sabbasaṅkhāresu nibbindituṁ, alaṁ virajjituṁ, alaṁ vimuccitun”ti.

That is what the Buddha said. Then the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say:

Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṁ vatvāna sugato athāparaṁ etadavoca satthā:

That is what the Buddha said. Idamavoca bhagavā. Then the Holy One, the Teacher, went on to say: Idaṁ vatvāna sugato athāparaṁ etadavoca satthā: