With Soṇadaṇḍa

So I have heard.*This sutta shows how the conversion of Pokkharasāti in DN 3 affected the brahmins as far away as Campā. At one time the BuddhaBuddhaEl nombre dado a quien redescubre por sí mismo el sendero liberador del Dhamma, tras un largo período de haber sido olvidado por el mundo. Según la tradición, una larga línea de Buddhas se extiende hasta el pasado distante. El Buddha más reciente nació como Siddhattha Gotama en la India alrededor del año 500 a.e.c. Un joven bien educado y acomodado, renunció a su familia y su herencia principesca en la flor de la vida para buscar la verdadera libertad y el fin del sufrimiento (dukkha). Después de siete años de austeridades en el bosque, redescubrió el «camino medio» y alcanzó su meta, convirtiéndose en el Buddha.Ver en el glosario was wandering in the land of the Aṅgas together with a large SaṅghaSaṅghaEste término denota tanto: la «comunidad monástica» (comunidades de monjes y monjas budistas) en quienes los seguidores laicos toman refugio; como aquellos seguidores del Buddha, laicos u ordenados, que han alcanzado al menos la entrada en la corriente (ver sotāpanna), el primero de los senderos transcendentes (ver magga) que culmina en nibbāna. Recientemente en EE.UU., el término «sangha» se ha transformado para significar el sentido más amplio de «comunidad de seguidores en el sendero budista», aunque este uso no tiene base en el canon pali. El término parisā se usa en este sentido más amplio en los textos tempranos.Ver en el glosario of five hundred mendicants when he arrived at Campā,*Campā is modern Champapuri near Bhagalpur in Bihar state, not far from West Bengal. It is near the eastern-most reach of the Buddha’s journeys. Campā was the capital of Aṅga, one of the sixteen “great nations” (mahājanapadā). It was a flourishing trade center at which Northern Black Polished Ware has been found, and became a sacred city for the Jains. where he stayed by the banks of the Gaggarā Lotus Pond.*Gaggarā, an onomatopoeic reduplication (“gargle”), is the name of a number of rivers and whirlpools in Sanskrit (cp. the modern Ghaggar River in north-west India).

Evaṁ me sutaṁ— ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā aṅgesu cārikaṁ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṁ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi yena campā tadavasari. Tatra sudaṁ bhagavā campāyaṁ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre.

So I have heard.*This sutta shows how the conversion of Pokkharasāti in DN 3 affected the brahmins as far away as Campā.Evaṁ me sutaṁ—At one time the BuddhaBuddhaEl nombre dado a quien redescubre por sí mismo el sendero liberador del Dhamma, tras un largo período de haber sido olvidado por el mundo. Según la tradición, una larga línea de Buddhas se extiende hasta el pasado distante. El Buddha más reciente nació como Siddhattha Gotama en la India alrededor del año 500 a.e.c. Un joven bien educado y acomodado, renunció a su familia y su herencia principesca en la flor de la vida para buscar la verdadera libertad y el fin del sufrimiento (dukkha). Después de siete años de austeridades en el bosque, redescubrió el «camino medio» y alcanzó su meta, convirtiéndose en el Buddha.Ver en el glosario was wandering in the land of the Aṅgas together with a large SaṅghaSaṅghaEste término denota tanto: la «comunidad monástica» (comunidades de monjes y monjas budistas) en quienes los seguidores laicos toman refugio; como aquellos seguidores del Buddha, laicos u ordenados, que han alcanzado al menos la entrada en la corriente (ver sotāpanna), el primero de los senderos transcendentes (ver magga) que culmina en nibbāna. Recientemente en EE.UU., el término «sangha» se ha transformado para significar el sentido más amplio de «comunidad de seguidores en el sendero budista», aunque este uso no tiene base en el canon pali. El término parisā se usa en este sentido más amplio en los textos tempranos.Ver en el glosario of five hundred mendicants when he arrived at Campā,*Campā is modern Champapuri near Bhagalpur in Bihar state, not far from West Bengal. It is near the eastern-most reach of the Buddha’s journeys. Campā was the capital of Aṅga, one of the sixteen “great nations” (mahājanapadā). It was a flourishing trade center at which Northern Black Polished Ware has been found, and became a sacred city for the Jains.ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā aṅgesu cārikaṁ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṁ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi yena campā tadavasari. where he stayed by the banks of the Gaggarā Lotus Pond.*Gaggarā, an onomatopoeic reduplication (“gargle”), is the name of a number of rivers and whirlpools in Sanskrit (cp. the modern Ghaggar River in north-west India).Tatra sudaṁ bhagavā campāyaṁ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre.

“It seems the ascetic Gotama—a Sakyan, gone forth from a Sakyan family—has arrived at Campā and is staying on the banks of the Gaggarā Lotus Pond. He has this good reputation: ‘That Blessed One is perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those fit for training, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.’ He has realized with his own insight this world—with its gods, MārasMāraLa personificación del mal y la tentación. En los textos tempranos, tratado tanto como una deidad del reino de los sentidos como una metáfora.Ver en el glosario, and divinities, this population with its ascetics and brahmins, gods and humans—and he makes it known to others. He proclaims a teaching that’s good in the beginning, good in the middle, and good in the end, meaningful and well-phrased. And he reveals a spiritual practice that’s entirely full and pure. It’s good to see such perfected ones.” Then, exiting Campā, they formed into companies and headed to the Gaggarā Lotus Pond.

“samaṇo khalu bho gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito aṅgesu cārikaṁ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṁ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi campaṁ anuppatto campāyaṁ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre. Taṁ kho pana bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ evaṁ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato: ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṁ buddho bhagavā’. So imaṁ lokaṁ sadevakaṁ samārakaṁ sabrahmakaṁ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṁ pajaṁ sadevamanussaṁ sayaṁ abhiññāabhiññāPoderes intuitivos que surgen de la práctica de la concentración: la capacidad de mostrar poderes psíquicos, clarividencia, clariaudiencia, la capacidad de conocer los pensamientos de otros, el recuerdo de vidas pasadas, y el conocimiento que destruye los contaminantes (ver āsava).Ver en el glosario sacchikatvā pavedeti. So dhammaṁ deseti ādikalyāṇaṁ majjhekalyāṇaṁ pariyosānakalyāṇaṁ sātthaṁ sabyañjanaṁ kevalaparipuṇṇaṁ parisuddhaṁ brahmacariyaṁ pakāseti. Sādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṁ arahataṁ dassanaṁ hotī”ti. Atha kho campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā campāya nikkhamitvā saṅghasaṅghī gaṇībhūtā yena gaggarā pokkharaṇī tenupasaṅkamanti.*saṅghasaṅghī → saṅghāsaṅghī (sya-all, pts1ed)

“It seems the ascetic Gotama—a Sakyan, gone forth from a Sakyan family—has arrived at Campā and is staying on the banks of the Gaggarā Lotus Pond. “samaṇo khalu bho gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito aṅgesu cārikaṁ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṁ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi campaṁ anuppatto campāyaṁ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre. He has this good reputation: Taṁ kho pana bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ evaṁ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato: ‘That Blessed One is perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those fit for training, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.’ ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṁ buddho bhagavā’. He has realized with his own insight this world—with its gods, MārasMāraLa personificación del mal y la tentación. En los textos tempranos, tratado tanto como una deidad del reino de los sentidos como una metáfora.Ver en el glosario, and divinities, this population with its ascetics and brahmins, gods and humans—and he makes it known to others. So imaṁ lokaṁ sadevakaṁ samārakaṁ sabrahmakaṁ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṁ pajaṁ sadevamanussaṁ sayaṁ abhiññāabhiññāPoderes intuitivos que surgen de la práctica de la concentración: la capacidad de mostrar poderes psíquicos, clarividencia, clariaudiencia, la capacidad de conocer los pensamientos de otros, el recuerdo de vidas pasadas, y el conocimiento que destruye los contaminantes (ver āsava).Ver en el glosario sacchikatvā pavedeti. He proclaims a teaching that’s good in the beginning, good in the middle, and good in the end, meaningful and well-phrased. And he reveals a spiritual practice that’s entirely full and pure. So dhammaṁ deseti ādikalyāṇaṁ majjhekalyāṇaṁ pariyosānakalyāṇaṁ sātthaṁ sabyañjanaṁ kevalaparipuṇṇaṁ parisuddhaṁ brahmacariyaṁ pakāseti. It’s good to see such perfected ones.” Sādhu kho pana tathārūpānaṁ arahataṁ dassanaṁ hotī”ti. Then, exiting Campā, they formed into companies and headed to the Gaggarā Lotus Pond. Atha kho campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā campāya nikkhamitvā saṅghasaṅghī gaṇībhūtā yena gaggarā pokkharaṇī tenupasaṅkamanti.*saṅghasaṅghī → saṅghāsaṅghī (sya-all, pts1ed)

Now at that time the brahmin Soṇadaṇḍa had retired to the upper floor of his stilt longhouse for his midday nap. He saw the brahmins and householders heading for the lotus pond, and addressed his butler, “My butler, why are the brahmins and householders headed for the Gaggarā Lotus Pond?”

Tena kho pana samayena soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo uparipāsāde divāseyyaṁ upagato hoti. Addasā kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo campeyyake brāhmaṇagahapatike campāya nikkhamitvā saṅghasaṅghī gaṇībhūte yena gaggarā pokkharaṇī tenupasaṅkamante.*saṅghasaṅghī → saṅghāsaṅghī (sya-all, pts1ed) Disvā khattaṁ āmantesi: “kiṁ nu kho, bho khatte, campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā campāya nikkhamitvā saṅghasaṅghī gaṇībhūtā yena gaggarā pokkharaṇī tenupasaṅkamantī”ti?

Now at that time the brahmin Soṇadaṇḍa had retired to the upper floor of his stilt longhouse for his midday nap. Tena kho pana samayena soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo uparipāsāde divāseyyaṁ upagato hoti. He saw the brahmins and householders heading for the lotus pond, Addasā kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo campeyyake brāhmaṇagahapatike campāya nikkhamitvā saṅghasaṅghī gaṇībhūte yena gaggarā pokkharaṇī tenupasaṅkamante.*saṅghasaṅghī → saṅghāsaṅghī (sya-all, pts1ed)and addressed his butler, Disvā khattaṁ āmantesi: “My butler, why are the brahmins and householders headed for the Gaggarā Lotus Pond?” “kiṁ nu kho, bho khatte, campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā campāya nikkhamitvā saṅghasaṅghī gaṇībhūtā yena gaggarā pokkharaṇī tenupasaṅkamantī”ti?

“The ascetic Gotama has arrived at Campā and is staying on the banks of the Gaggarā Lotus Pond. He has this good reputation: ‘That Blessed One is perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those fit for training, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.’ They’re going to see that worthy Gotama.”

“Atthi kho, bho, samaṇo gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito aṅgesu cārikaṁ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṁ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi campaṁ anuppatto campāyaṁ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre. Taṁ kho pana bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ evaṁ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato: ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṁ buddho bhagavā’ti. Tamete bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamantī”ti.

“The ascetic Gotama has arrived at Campā and is staying on the banks of the Gaggarā Lotus Pond. “Atthi kho, bho, samaṇo gotamo sakyaputto sakyakulā pabbajito aṅgesu cārikaṁ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṁ pañcamattehi bhikkhusatehi campaṁ anuppatto campāyaṁ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre. He has this good reputation: Taṁ kho pana bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ evaṁ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato: ‘That Blessed One is perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those fit for training, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.’ ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṁ buddho bhagavā’ti. They’re going to see that worthy Gotama.” Tamete bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamantī”ti.

“Well then, go to the brahmins and householders and say to them: ‘Sirs, the brahmin Soṇadaṇḍa asks you to wait, as he will also go to see the ascetic Gotama.’”

“Tena hi, bho khatte, yena campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā tenupasaṅkama, upasaṅkamitvā campeyyake brāhmaṇagahapatike evaṁ vadehi: ‘soṇadaṇḍo, bho, brāhmaṇo evamāha— āgamentu kira bhavanto, soṇadaṇḍopi brāhmaṇo samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’”ti.

“Well then, go to the brahmins and householders and say to them: “Tena hi, bho khatte, yena campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā tenupasaṅkama, upasaṅkamitvā campeyyake brāhmaṇagahapatike evaṁ vadehi: ‘Sirs, the brahmin Soṇadaṇḍa asks ‘soṇadaṇḍo, bho, brāhmaṇo evamāha—you to wait, as he will also go to see the ascetic Gotama.’” āgamentu kira bhavanto, soṇadaṇḍopi brāhmaṇo samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’”ti.

“Yes, worthy sir,” replied the butler, and did as he was asked.

“Evaṁ, bho”ti kho so khattā soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa paṭissutvā yena campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā campeyyake brāhmaṇagahapatike etadavoca: “soṇadaṇḍo bho brāhmaṇo evamāha: ‘āgamentu kira bhavanto, soṇadaṇḍopi brāhmaṇo samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’”ti.

“Yes, worthy sir,” replied the butler, and did as he was asked. “Evaṁ, bho”ti kho so khattā soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa paṭissutvā yena campeyyakā brāhmaṇagahapatikā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā campeyyake brāhmaṇagahapatike etadavoca: “soṇadaṇḍo bho brāhmaṇo evamāha: ‘āgamentu kira bhavanto, soṇadaṇḍopi brāhmaṇo samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī’”ti.

Now at that time around five hundred brahmins from abroad were residing in Campā on some business. They heard that the brahmin Soṇadaṇḍa was going to see the ascetic Gotama. They approached Soṇadaṇḍa and said to him, “Is it really true that you are going to see the ascetic Gotama?”

Tena kho pana samayena nānāverajjakānaṁ brāhmaṇānaṁ pañcamattāni brāhmaṇasatāni campāyaṁ paṭivasanti kenacideva karaṇīyena. Assosuṁ kho te brāhmaṇā: “soṇadaṇḍo kira brāhmaṇo samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī”ti. Atha kho te brāhmaṇā yena soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā soṇadaṇḍaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ etadavocuṁ: “saccaṁ kira bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī”ti?

Now at that time around five hundred brahmins from abroad were residing in Campā on some business. Tena kho pana samayena nānāverajjakānaṁ brāhmaṇānaṁ pañcamattāni brāhmaṇasatāni campāyaṁ paṭivasanti kenacideva karaṇīyena. They heard that Assosuṁ kho te brāhmaṇā: the brahmin Soṇadaṇḍa was going to see the ascetic Gotama. “soṇadaṇḍo kira brāhmaṇo samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī”ti. They approached Soṇadaṇḍa and said to him, Atha kho te brāhmaṇā yena soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā soṇadaṇḍaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ etadavocuṁ: “Is it really true that you are going to see the ascetic Gotama?” “saccaṁ kira bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamissatī”ti?

“Yes, gentlemen, it is true.”

“Evaṁ kho me, bho, hoti: ‘ahampi samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamissāmī’”ti.

“Yes, gentlemen, it is true.” “Evaṁ kho me, bho, hoti: ‘ahampi samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamissāmī’”ti.

“Please don’t, worthy Soṇadaṇḍa! It’s not appropriate for you to go to see the ascetic Gotama.*Both the repetition below and the parallel at MN 95:8.3 include the phrase “it’s appropriate that he comes to see you”. It may have been omitted here by mistake. For if you do so, your reputation will diminish and his will increase. For this reason it’s not appropriate for you to go to see the ascetic Gotama; it’s appropriate that he comes to see you.

“Mā bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkami. Na arahati bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ. Sace bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamissati, bhoto soṇadaṇḍassa yaso hāyissati, samaṇassa gotamassa yaso abhivaḍḍhissati. Yampi bhoto soṇadaṇḍassa yaso hāyissati, samaṇassa gotamassa yaso abhivaḍḍhissati, imināpaṅgena na arahati bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ; samaṇo tveva gotamo arahati bhavantaṁ soṇadaṇḍaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ.

“Please don’t, worthy Soṇadaṇḍa! “Mā bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkami. It’s not appropriate for you to go to see the ascetic Gotama.*Both the repetition below and the parallel at MN 95:8.3 include the phrase “it’s appropriate that he comes to see you”. It may have been omitted here by mistake.Na arahati bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ. For if you do so, your reputation will diminish and his will increase. Sace bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamissati, bhoto soṇadaṇḍassa yaso hāyissati, samaṇassa gotamassa yaso abhivaḍḍhissati. For this reason it’s not appropriate for you to go to see the ascetic Gotama; Yampi bhoto soṇadaṇḍassa yaso hāyissati, samaṇassa gotamassa yaso abhivaḍḍhissati, imināpaṅgena na arahati bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ; it’s appropriate that he comes to see you. samaṇo tveva gotamo arahati bhavantaṁ soṇadaṇḍaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ.

You are well born on both your mother’s and father’s side, stemming from a pure vessel, with irrefutable and impeccable genealogy back to the seventh paternal generation.*Jātivāda is sometimes translated as “doctrine of birth”, but the context here shows this cannot be the case. It refers to the genealogical records of the family lineage. For this reason it’s not appropriate for you to go to see the ascetic Gotama; it’s appropriate that he comes to see you.

Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca, saṁsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena. Yampi bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca, saṁsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena, imināpaṅgena na arahati bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ; samaṇo tveva gotamo arahati bhavantaṁ soṇadaṇḍaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ.

You are well born on both your mother’s and father’s side, stemming from a pure vessel, with irrefutable and impeccable genealogy back to the seventh paternal generation.*Jātivāda is sometimes translated as “doctrine of birth”, but the context here shows this cannot be the case. It refers to the genealogical records of the family lineage.Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca, saṁsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena. For this reason it’s not appropriate for you to go to see the ascetic Gotama; Yampi bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca, saṁsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena, imināpaṅgena na arahati bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ; it’s appropriate that he comes to see you. samaṇo tveva gotamo arahati bhavantaṁ soṇadaṇḍaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ.

You’re old, elderly and senior, advanced in years, and have reached the final stage of life. The ascetic Gotama is young, and has newly gone forth. …

Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo jiṇṇo vuddho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto; samaṇo gotamo taruṇo ceva taruṇapabbajito ca …pe…

You’re old, elderly and senior, advanced in years, and have reached the final stage of life. Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo jiṇṇo vuddho mahallako addhagato vayoanuppatto; The ascetic Gotama is young, and has newly gone forth. … samaṇo gotamo taruṇo ceva taruṇapabbajito ca …pe…

You live in Campā, a crown property given by King Seniya Bimbisāra of Magadha, teeming with living creatures, full of hay, wood, water, and grain, a royal park endowed to a brahmin. For this reason, too, it’s not appropriate for you to go to see the ascetic Gotama; it’s appropriate that he comes to see you.”

Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo campaṁ ajjhāvasati sattussadaṁ satiṇakaṭṭhodakaṁ sadhaññaṁ rājabhoggaṁ, raññā māgadhena seniyena bimbisārena dinnaṁ, rājadāyaṁ brahmadeyyaṁ. Yampi bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo campaṁ ajjhāvasati sattussadaṁ satiṇakaṭṭhodakaṁ sadhaññaṁ rājabhoggaṁ, raññā māgadhena seniyena bimbisārena dinnaṁ, rājadāyaṁ brahmadeyyaṁ. Imināpaṅgena na arahati bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ; samaṇo tveva gotamo arahati bhavantaṁ soṇadaṇḍaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamitun”ti.

You live in Campā, a crown property given by King Seniya Bimbisāra of Magadha, teeming with living creatures, full of hay, wood, water, and grain, a royal park endowed to a brahmin. Bhavañhi soṇadaṇḍo campaṁ ajjhāvasati sattussadaṁ satiṇakaṭṭhodakaṁ sadhaññaṁ rājabhoggaṁ, raññā māgadhena seniyena bimbisārena dinnaṁ, rājadāyaṁ brahmadeyyaṁ. Yampi bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo campaṁ ajjhāvasati sattussadaṁ satiṇakaṭṭhodakaṁ sadhaññaṁ rājabhoggaṁ, raññā māgadhena seniyena bimbisārena dinnaṁ, rājadāyaṁ brahmadeyyaṁ. For this reason, too, it’s not appropriate for you to go to see the ascetic Gotama; Imināpaṅgena na arahati bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ; it’s appropriate that he comes to see you.” samaṇo tveva gotamo arahati bhavantaṁ soṇadaṇḍaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamitun”ti.

“Well then, gentlemen, listen to why it’s appropriate for me to go to see the ascetic Gotama, and it’s not appropriate for him to come to see me. He is well born on both his mother’s and father’s side, stemming from a clean vessel, with irrefutable and impeccable genealogy back to the seventh paternal generation. For this reason it’s not appropriate for the ascetic Gotama to come to see me; rather, it’s appropriate for me to go to see him.

“Tena hi, bho, mamapi suṇātha, yathā mayameva arahāma taṁ bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ; na tveva arahati so bhavaṁ gotamo amhākaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ. Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca, saṁsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā, akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena. Yampi, bho, samaṇo gotamo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca saṁsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā, akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena, imināpaṅgena na arahati so bhavaṁ gotamo amhākaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ; atha kho mayameva arahāma taṁ bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ.

“Well then, gentlemen, listen to why it’s appropriate for me to go to see the ascetic Gotama, “Tena hi, bho, mamapi suṇātha, yathā mayameva arahāma taṁ bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ; and it’s not appropriate for him to come to see me. na tveva arahati so bhavaṁ gotamo amhākaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ. He is well born on both his mother’s and father’s side, stemming from a clean vessel, with irrefutable and impeccable genealogy back to the seventh paternal generation. Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca, saṁsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā, akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena. For this reason it’s not appropriate for the ascetic Gotama to come to see me; Yampi, bho, samaṇo gotamo ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca saṁsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā, akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena, imināpaṅgena na arahati so bhavaṁ gotamo amhākaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ; rather, it’s appropriate for me to go to see him. atha kho mayameva arahāma taṁ bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ.

He has this good reputation: ‘That Blessed One is perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those fit for training, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.’ …

Samaṇaṁ khalu, bho, gotamaṁ evaṁ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato: ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṁ buddho bhagavā’ti …pe…

He has this good reputation: Samaṇaṁ khalu, bho, gotamaṁ evaṁ kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggato: ‘That Blessed One is perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those fit for training, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed.’ … ‘itipi so bhagavā arahaṁ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṁ buddho bhagavā’ti …pe…

He leads an order and a community, and tutors a community, and is said to be the best of the various religious founders. He didn’t come by his fame in the same ways as those other ascetics and brahmins.*Titthakara, literally “ford-maker”, is a term restricted to those such as the Buddha who founded a religion, or Mahāvīra who was a major reformer on the same level as a founder. Rather, he came by his fame due to his supreme knowledge and conduct. …

Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo saṅghī gaṇī gaṇācariyo puthutitthakarānaṁ aggamakkhāyati. Yathā kho pana, bho, etesaṁ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṁ yathā vā tathā vā yaso samudāgacchati, na hevaṁ samaṇassa gotamassa yaso samudāgato. Atha kho anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya samaṇassa gotamassa yaso samudāgato …pe…

He leads an order and a community, and tutors a community, and is said to be the best of the various religious founders. He didn’t come by his fame in the same ways as those other ascetics and brahmins.*Titthakara, literally “ford-maker”, is a term restricted to those such as the Buddha who founded a religion, or Mahāvīra who was a major reformer on the same level as a founder.Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo saṅghī gaṇī gaṇācariyo puthutitthakarānaṁ aggamakkhāyati. Yathā kho pana, bho, etesaṁ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṁ yathā vā tathā vā yaso samudāgacchati, na hevaṁ samaṇassa gotamassa yaso samudāgato. Rather, he came by his fame due to his supreme knowledge and conduct. … Atha kho anuttarāya vijjācaraṇasampadāya samaṇassa gotamassa yaso samudāgato …pe…

The ascetic Gotama has arrived at Campā and is staying at the Gaggarā Lotus Pond. Any ascetic or brahmin who comes to stay in our village district is our guest, and should be honored and respected as such. For this reason, too, it’s not appropriate for the worthy Gotama to come to see me; rather, it’s appropriate for me to go to see him. This is the extent of the worthy Gotama’s praise that I have memorized. But his praises are not confined to this, for the praise of the worthy Gotama is limitless.”

Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo campaṁ anuppatto, campāyaṁ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre. Ye kho pana, bho, keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā amhākaṁ gāmakhettaṁ āgacchanti atithī no te honti. Atithī kho panamhehi sakkātabbā garukātabbā mānetabbā pūjetabbā apacetabbā. Yampi, bho, samaṇo gotamo campaṁ anuppatto campāyaṁ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre, atithimhākaṁ samaṇo gotamo; atithi kho panamhehi sakkātabbo garukātabbo mānetabbo pūjetabbo apacetabbo. Imināpaṅgena na arahati so bhavaṁ gotamo amhākaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ. Atha kho mayameva arahāma taṁ bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ. Ettake kho ahaṁ, bho, tassa bhoto gotamassa vaṇṇe pariyāpuṇāmi, no ca kho so bhavaṁ gotamo ettakavaṇṇo. Aparimāṇavaṇṇo hi so bhavaṁ gotamo”ti.

The ascetic Gotama has arrived at Campā and is staying at the Gaggarā Lotus Pond. Samaṇo khalu, bho, gotamo campaṁ anuppatto, campāyaṁ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre. Any ascetic or brahmin who comes to stay in our village district is our guest, Ye kho pana, bho, keci samaṇā vā brāhmaṇā vā amhākaṁ gāmakhettaṁ āgacchanti atithī no te honti. and should be honored and respected as such. Atithī kho panamhehi sakkātabbā garukātabbā mānetabbā pūjetabbā apacetabbā. Yampi, bho, samaṇo gotamo campaṁ anuppatto campāyaṁ viharati gaggarāya pokkharaṇiyā tīre, atithimhākaṁ samaṇo gotamo; atithi kho panamhehi sakkātabbo garukātabbo mānetabbo pūjetabbo apacetabbo. For this reason, too, it’s not appropriate for the worthy Gotama to come to see me; Imināpaṅgena na arahati so bhavaṁ gotamo amhākaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ. rather, it’s appropriate for me to go to see him. Atha kho mayameva arahāma taṁ bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ. This is the extent of the worthy Gotama’s praise that I have memorized. But his praises are not confined to this, Ettake kho ahaṁ, bho, tassa bhoto gotamassa vaṇṇe pariyāpuṇāmi, no ca kho so bhavaṁ gotamo ettakavaṇṇo. for the praise of the worthy Gotama is limitless.” Aparimāṇavaṇṇo hi so bhavaṁ gotamo”ti.

When he had spoken, those brahmins said to him, “According to Soṇadaṇḍa’s praises, if the worthy Gotama were staying within a hundred leagues, it’d be worthwhile for a faithful gentleman to go to see him, even if he had to carry his own provisions in a knapsack.”*“Knapsack” is puṭosa, where puṭa is “bag” and osa is “food” (Sanskrit avasa). The compound is a dative-dependent tappurisa with reversal of the usual order, yielding the sense “bag for food”.

Evaṁ vutte, te brāhmaṇā soṇadaṇḍaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ etadavocuṁ: “yathā kho bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇassa gotamassa vaṇṇe bhāsati ito cepi so bhavaṁ gotamo yojanasate viharati, alameva saddhena kulaputtena dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ api puṭosenā”ti.

When he had spoken, those brahmins said to him, Evaṁ vutte, te brāhmaṇā soṇadaṇḍaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ etadavocuṁ: “According to Soṇadaṇḍa’s praises, if the worthy Gotama were staying within a hundred leagues, it’d be worthwhile for a faithful gentleman to go to see him, even if he had to carry his own provisions in a knapsack.”*“Knapsack” is puṭosa, where puṭa is “bag” and osa is “food” (Sanskrit avasa). The compound is a dative-dependent tappurisa with reversal of the usual order, yielding the sense “bag for food”.“yathā kho bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇassa gotamassa vaṇṇe bhāsati ito cepi so bhavaṁ gotamo yojanasate viharati, alameva saddhena kulaputtena dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ api puṭosenā”ti.

But as he reached the far side of the forest, this thought came to mind, “Suppose I was to ask the ascetic Gotama a question. He might say to me: ‘Brahmin, you shouldn’t ask your question like that. This is how you should ask it.’ And the assembly might disparage me for that: ‘Soṇadaṇḍa is foolish and incompetent. He’s not able to ask the ascetic Gotama a rational question.’*Even before he meets him, Soṇadaṇḍa has extensive knowledge of the Buddha and faith in him. It’s also notable how Soṇadaṇḍa gives Pokkharasāti a special status. Perhaps Pokkharasāti told Soṇadaṇḍa of the encounter with Ambaṭṭha in DN 3, which would explain his hesitation. | Note the use of the term yoniso here, which I render “rational”. The basic meaning of the term is “womb, source”, and it is used to mean “with reason”, which here has the sense “pertinent, relevant”. And when you’re disparaged by the assembly, your reputation diminishes. When your reputation diminishes, your wealth also diminishes. But my wealth relies on my reputation.

Atha kho soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa tirovanasaṇḍagatassa evaṁ cetaso parivitakko udapādi: “ahañceva kho pana samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ pañhaṁ puccheyyaṁ; tatra ce maṁ samaṇo gotamo evaṁ vadeyya: ‘na kho esa, brāhmaṇa, pañho evaṁ pucchitabbo, evaṁ nāmesa, brāhmaṇa, pañho pucchitabbo’ti, tena maṁ ayaṁ parisāparisāLos cuatro grupos de seguidores del Buddha que incluyen monjes, monjas, laicos y laicas. Comparar con saṅgha. Ver bhikkhu, bhikkhunī, upāsaka/upāsikā.Ver en el glosario paribhaveyya: ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto, nāsakkhi samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ yoniso pañhaṁ pucchitun’ti. Yaṁ kho panāyaṁ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṁ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṁ bhogā.

But as he reached the far side of the forest, this thought came to mind, Atha kho soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa tirovanasaṇḍagatassa evaṁ cetaso parivitakko udapādi: “Suppose I was to ask the ascetic Gotama a question. “ahañceva kho pana samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ pañhaṁ puccheyyaṁ; He might say to me: tatra ce maṁ samaṇo gotamo evaṁ vadeyya: ‘Brahmin, you shouldn’t ask your question like that. This is how you should ask it.’ And the assembly might disparage me for that: ‘na kho esa, brāhmaṇa, pañho evaṁ pucchitabbo, evaṁ nāmesa, brāhmaṇa, pañho pucchitabbo’ti, tena maṁ ayaṁ parisāparisāLos cuatro grupos de seguidores del Buddha que incluyen monjes, monjas, laicos y laicas. Comparar con saṅgha. Ver bhikkhu, bhikkhunī, upāsaka/upāsikā.Ver en el glosario paribhaveyya: ‘Soṇadaṇḍa is foolish and incompetent. He’s not able to ask the ascetic Gotama a rational question.’*Even before he meets him, Soṇadaṇḍa has extensive knowledge of the Buddha and faith in him. It’s also notable how Soṇadaṇḍa gives Pokkharasāti a special status. Perhaps Pokkharasāti told Soṇadaṇḍa of the encounter with Ambaṭṭha in DN 3, which would explain his hesitation. | Note the use of the term yoniso here, which I render “rational”. The basic meaning of the term is “womb, source”, and it is used to mean “with reason”, which here has the sense “pertinent, relevant”.‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto, nāsakkhi samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ yoniso pañhaṁ pucchitun’ti. And when you’re disparaged by the assembly, your reputation diminishes. Yaṁ kho panāyaṁ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. When your reputation diminishes, your wealth also diminishes. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṁ. But my wealth relies on my reputation. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṁ bhogā.

Or if the ascetic Gotama asks me a question, I might not satisfy him with my answer. He might say to me: ‘Brahmin, you shouldn’t answer the question like that. This is how you should answer it.’ And the assembly might disparage me for that: ‘Soṇadaṇḍa is foolish and incompetent. He’s not able to satisfy the ascetic Gotama’s mind with his answer.’ And when you’re disparaged by the assembly, your reputation diminishes. When your reputation diminishes, your wealth also diminishes. But my wealth relies on my reputation.

Mamañceva kho pana samaṇo gotamo pañhaṁ puccheyya, tassa cāhaṁ pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṁ na ārādheyyaṁ; tatra ce maṁ samaṇo gotamo evaṁ vadeyya: ‘na kho esa, brāhmaṇa, pañho evaṁ byākātabbo, evaṁ nāmesa, brāhmaṇa, pañho byākātabbo’ti, tena maṁ ayaṁ parisā paribhaveyya: ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto, nāsakkhi samaṇassa gotamassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṁ ārādhetun’ti. Yaṁ kho panāyaṁ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṁ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṁ bhogā.

Or if the ascetic Gotama asks me a question, I might not satisfy him with my answer. Mamañceva kho pana samaṇo gotamo pañhaṁ puccheyya, tassa cāhaṁ pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṁ na ārādheyyaṁ; He might say to me: tatra ce maṁ samaṇo gotamo evaṁ vadeyya: ‘Brahmin, you shouldn’t answer the question like that. This is how you should answer it.’ And the assembly might disparage me for that: ‘na kho esa, brāhmaṇa, pañho evaṁ byākātabbo, evaṁ nāmesa, brāhmaṇa, pañho byākātabbo’ti, tena maṁ ayaṁ parisā paribhaveyya: ‘Soṇadaṇḍa is foolish and incompetent. He’s not able to satisfy the ascetic Gotama’s mind with his answer.’ ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto, nāsakkhi samaṇassa gotamassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṁ ārādhetun’ti. And when you’re disparaged by the assembly, your reputation diminishes. Yaṁ kho panāyaṁ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. When your reputation diminishes, your wealth also diminishes. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṁ. But my wealth relies on my reputation. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṁ bhogā.

On the other hand, if I were to turn back after having come so far without having seen the ascetic Gotama, the assembly might disparage me for that: ‘Soṇadaṇḍa is foolish and incompetent. He’s stuck-up and scared. He doesn’t dare to go and see the ascetic Gotama. For how on earth can he turn back after having come so far without having seen the ascetic Gotama!’ And when you’re disparaged by the assembly, your reputation diminishes. When your reputation diminishes, your wealth also diminishes. But my wealth relies on my reputation.”

Ahañceva kho pana evaṁ samīpagato samāno adisvāva samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ nivatteyyaṁ, tena maṁ ayaṁ parisā paribhaveyya: ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto mānathaddho bhīto ca, no visahati samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ, kathañhi nāmanāmaOriginalmente se refería a la función psicológica central de conceptualizar y nombrar cosas. Gradualmente evolucionó para abarcar todos los fenómenos mentales. En los suttas a veces se define como vedanā (sensación), saññā (percepción), cetanā (intención, volición), phassa (contacto sensorial), y manasikāra (atención, advertencia). Comparar con rūpa. En el Abhidhamma, nāma pasó a referirse a los componentes mentales de los cinco khandhas.Ver en el glosario evaṁ samīpagato samāno adisvā samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ nivattissatī’ti. Yaṁ kho panāyaṁ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṁ, yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṁ bhogā”ti.

On the other hand, if I were to turn back after having come so far without having seen the ascetic Gotama, the assembly might disparage me for that: Ahañceva kho pana evaṁ samīpagato samāno adisvāva samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ nivatteyyaṁ, tena maṁ ayaṁ parisā paribhaveyya: ‘Soṇadaṇḍa is foolish and incompetent. He’s stuck-up and scared. He doesn’t dare to go and see the ascetic Gotama. For how on earth can he turn back after having come so far without having seen the ascetic Gotama!’ ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto mānathaddho bhīto ca, no visahati samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ dassanāya upasaṅkamituṁ, kathañhi nāmanāmaOriginalmente se refería a la función psicológica central de conceptualizar y nombrar cosas. Gradualmente evolucionó para abarcar todos los fenómenos mentales. En los suttas a veces se define como vedanā (sensación), saññā (percepción), cetanā (intención, volición), phassa (contacto sensorial), y manasikāra (atención, advertencia). Comparar con rūpa. En el Abhidhamma, nāma pasó a referirse a los componentes mentales de los cinco khandhas.Ver en el glosario evaṁ samīpagato samāno adisvā samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ nivattissatī’ti. And when you’re disparaged by the assembly, your reputation diminishes. Yaṁ kho panāyaṁ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. When your reputation diminishes, your wealth also diminishes. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṁ, But my wealth relies on my reputation.” yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṁ bhogā”ti.

Then Soṇadaṇḍa went up to the Buddha, and exchanged greetings with him.*For all his previous avowal of faith, Soṇadaṇḍa is merely polite, not reverential. This foreshadows the ending. When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side. Before sitting down to one side, some of the brahmins and householders of Campā bowed, some exchanged greetings and polite conversation, some held up their cupped palms toward the Buddha, some announced their name and clan, while some kept silent.*This stock passage indicates different attitudes towards the Buddha, and perhaps also different social status. Examples of such behaviors are given in Dharmaśāstras. While they might not exactly apply to this situation, they do indicate that these behaviors were nuanced and deliberate. Here is an example: “One should rise to greet a sacrificial priest, father-in-law, paternal uncle, or maternal uncle who is younger than oneself, but not verbally salute him. Likewise, one should rise to greet, but not verbally salute a different fellow-citizen who is older than oneself—even a Śūdra provided he is at least eighty—if one is equal in age to his son. And a Śūdra should rise to greet, but not verbally salute an Ārya, even if he is younger than himself.” (Gautama 6.9–11, translation David Brick).

Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṁ sammodi. Sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Campeyyakāpi kho brāhmaṇagahapatikā appekacce bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu; appekacce bhagavatā saddhiṁ sammodiṁsu; sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu; appekacce yena bhagavā tenañjaliṁ paṇāmetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu; appekacce nāmagottaṁ sāvetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu; appekacce tuṇhībhūtā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu.

Then Soṇadaṇḍa went up to the Buddha, and exchanged greetings with him.*For all his previous avowal of faith, Soṇadaṇḍa is merely polite, not reverential. This foreshadows the ending.Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṁ sammodi. When the greetings and polite conversation were over, he sat down to one side. Sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Before sitting down to one side, some of the brahmins and householders of Campā bowed, some exchanged greetings and polite conversation, some held up their cupped palms toward the Buddha, some announced their name and clan, while some kept silent.*This stock passage indicates different attitudes towards the Buddha, and perhaps also different social status. Examples of such behaviors are given in Dharmaśāstras. While they might not exactly apply to this situation, they do indicate that these behaviors were nuanced and deliberate. Here is an example: “One should rise to greet a sacrificial priest, father-in-law, paternal uncle, or maternal uncle who is younger than oneself, but not verbally salute him. Likewise, one should rise to greet, but not verbally salute a different fellow-citizen who is older than oneself—even a Śūdra provided he is at least eighty—if one is equal in age to his son. And a Śūdra should rise to greet, but not verbally salute an Ārya, even if he is younger than himself.” (Gautama 6.9–11, translation David Brick).Campeyyakāpi kho brāhmaṇagahapatikā appekacce bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu; appekacce bhagavatā saddhiṁ sammodiṁsu; sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu; appekacce yena bhagavā tenañjaliṁ paṇāmetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu; appekacce nāmagottaṁ sāvetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu; appekacce tuṇhībhūtā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu.

But while sitting there, Soṇadaṇḍa continued to be plagued by many second thoughts. He thought, “If only the ascetic Gotama would ask me about my own tutor’s scriptural heritage of the three Vedas! Then I could definitely satisfy his mind with my answer.”

Tatrapi sudaṁ soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo etadeva bahulamanuvitakkento nisinno hoti: “ahañceva kho pana samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ pañhaṁ puccheyyaṁ; tatra ce maṁ samaṇo gotamo evaṁ vadeyya: ‘na kho esa, brāhmaṇa, pañho evaṁ pucchitabbo, evaṁ nāmesa, brāhmaṇa, pañho pucchitabbo’ti, tena maṁ ayaṁ parisā paribhaveyya: ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto, nāsakkhi samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ yoniso pañhaṁ pucchitun’ti. Yaṁ kho panāyaṁ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṁ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṁ bhogā. Mamañceva kho pana samaṇo gotamo pañhaṁ puccheyya, tassa cāhaṁ pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṁ na ārādheyyaṁ; tatra ce maṁ samaṇo gotamo evaṁ vadeyya: ‘na kho esa, brāhmaṇa, pañho evaṁ byākātabbo, evaṁ nāmesa, brāhmaṇa, pañho byākātabbo’ti, tena maṁ ayaṁ parisā paribhaveyya: ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto, nāsakkhi samaṇassa gotamassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṁ ārādhetun’ti. Yaṁ kho panāyaṁ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṁ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṁ bhogā. Aho vata maṁ samaṇo gotamo sake ācariyake tevijjake pañhaṁ puccheyya, addhā vatassāhaṁ cittaṁ ārādheyyaṁ pañhassa veyyākaraṇenā”ti.

But while sitting there, Soṇadaṇḍa continued to be plagued by many second thoughts. He thought, Tatrapi sudaṁ soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo etadeva bahulamanuvitakkento nisinno hoti: “ahañceva kho pana samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ pañhaṁ puccheyyaṁ; tatra ce maṁ samaṇo gotamo evaṁ vadeyya: ‘na kho esa, brāhmaṇa, pañho evaṁ pucchitabbo, evaṁ nāmesa, brāhmaṇa, pañho pucchitabbo’ti, tena maṁ ayaṁ parisā paribhaveyya: ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto, nāsakkhi samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ yoniso pañhaṁ pucchitun’ti. Yaṁ kho panāyaṁ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṁ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṁ bhogā. Mamañceva kho pana samaṇo gotamo pañhaṁ puccheyya, tassa cāhaṁ pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṁ na ārādheyyaṁ; tatra ce maṁ samaṇo gotamo evaṁ vadeyya: ‘na kho esa, brāhmaṇa, pañho evaṁ byākātabbo, evaṁ nāmesa, brāhmaṇa, pañho byākātabbo’ti, tena maṁ ayaṁ parisā paribhaveyya: ‘bālo soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abyatto, nāsakkhi samaṇassa gotamassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇena cittaṁ ārādhetun’ti. Yaṁ kho panāyaṁ parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṁ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṁ bhogā. “If only the ascetic Gotama would ask me about my own tutor’s scriptural heritage of the three Vedas! Then I could definitely satisfy his mind with my answer.” Aho vata maṁ samaṇo gotamo sake ācariyake tevijjake pañhaṁ puccheyya, addhā vatassāhaṁ cittaṁ ārādheyyaṁ pañhassa veyyākaraṇenā”ti.

Then, knowing Soṇadaṇḍa’s train of thought, it occurred to the Buddha, “This brahmin Soṇadaṇḍa is troubled by his own thoughts. Why don’t I ask him about his own tutor’s scriptural heritage of the three Vedas?”*The Buddha goes out of his way to make him comfortable. Soṇadaṇḍa is nervous and overly eager to please, but he is not contemptuous and grinding a personal axe like Ambaṭṭha.

Atha kho bhagavato soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya etadahosi: “vihaññati kho ayaṁ soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo sakena cittena. Yannūnāhaṁ soṇadaṇḍaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ sake ācariyake tevijjake pañhaṁ puccheyyan”ti.

Then, knowing Soṇadaṇḍa’s train of thought, it occurred to the Buddha, Atha kho bhagavato soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya etadahosi: “This brahmin Soṇadaṇḍa is troubled by his own thoughts. “vihaññati kho ayaṁ soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo sakena cittena. Why don’t I ask him about his own tutor’s scriptural heritage of the three Vedas?”*The Buddha goes out of his way to make him comfortable. Soṇadaṇḍa is nervous and overly eager to please, but he is not contemptuous and grinding a personal axe like Ambaṭṭha.Yannūnāhaṁ soṇadaṇḍaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ sake ācariyake tevijjake pañhaṁ puccheyyan”ti.

So he said to Soṇadaṇḍa, “Brahmin, how many factors must a brahmin possess for the brahmins to describe him as a brahmin; and so that when he says ‘I am a brahmin’ he speaks rightly, without falling into falsehood?”

Atha kho bhagavā soṇadaṇḍaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ etadavoca: “katihi pana, brāhmaṇa, aṅgehi samannāgataṁ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṁ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammāsammāDe forma correcta, adecuada o bien orientada. En el Noble Sendero Óctuple indica que cada factor está alineado con el camino que conduce al cese de dukkha.Ver en el glosario vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṁ āpajjeyyā”ti?

So he said to Soṇadaṇḍa, Atha kho bhagavā soṇadaṇḍaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ etadavoca: “Brahmin, how many factors must a brahmin possess for the brahmins to describe him as a brahmin; “katihi pana, brāhmaṇa, aṅgehi samannāgataṁ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṁ paññapenti; and so that when he says ‘I am a brahmin’ he speaks rightly, without falling into falsehood?” ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammāsammāDe forma correcta, adecuada o bien orientada. En el Noble Sendero Óctuple indica que cada factor está alineado con el camino que conduce al cese de dukkha.Ver en el glosario vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṁ āpajjeyyā”ti?

Then Soṇadaṇḍa thought, “The ascetic Gotama has asked me about exactly what I wanted, what I wished for, what I desired, what I yearned for; that is, my own scriptural heritage. I can definitely satisfy his mind with my answer.”

Atha kho soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi: “yaṁ vata no ahosi icchitaṁ, yaṁ ākaṅkhitaṁ, yaṁ adhippetaṁ, yaṁ abhipatthitaṁ: ‘aho vata maṁ samaṇo gotamo sake ācariyake tevijjake pañhaṁ puccheyya, addhā vatassāhaṁ cittaṁ ārādheyyaṁ pañhassa veyyākaraṇenā’ti, tatra maṁ samaṇo gotamo sake ācariyake tevijjake pañhaṁ pucchati. Addhā vatassāhaṁ cittaṁ ārādhessāmi pañhassa veyyākaraṇenā”ti.

Then Soṇadaṇḍa thought, Atha kho soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa etadahosi: “The ascetic Gotama has asked me about exactly what I wanted, what I wished for, what I desired, what I yearned for; that is, my own scriptural heritage. “yaṁ vata no ahosi icchitaṁ, yaṁ ākaṅkhitaṁ, yaṁ adhippetaṁ, yaṁ abhipatthitaṁ: ‘aho vata maṁ samaṇo gotamo sake ācariyake tevijjake pañhaṁ puccheyya, addhā vatassāhaṁ cittaṁ ārādheyyaṁ pañhassa veyyākaraṇenā’ti, tatra maṁ samaṇo gotamo sake ācariyake tevijjake pañhaṁ pucchati. I can definitely satisfy his mind with my answer.” Addhā vatassāhaṁ cittaṁ ārādhessāmi pañhassa veyyākaraṇenā”ti.

Then Soṇadaṇḍa straightened his back, looked around the assembly, and said to the Buddha, “Worthy Gotama, a brahmin must possess five factors for the brahmins to describe him as a brahmin; and so that when he says ‘I am a brahmin’ he speaks rightly, without falling into falsehood. What five? It’s when a brahmin is well born on both his mother’s and father’s side, stemming from a clean vessel, with irrefutable and impeccable genealogy back to the seventh paternal generation. He recites and remembers the hymns, and has mastered the three Vedas, together with their vocabularies and ritual performance, their phonology and word classification, and the testaments as fifth. He knows them word-by-word, and their grammar. He is well versed in cosmology and the marks of a great man. He is attractive, good-looking, lovely, of surpassing beauty. He has divine looks and lustre, remarkable to behold. He is ethical, mature in ethical conduct. He’s astute and clever, being the first or second to hold the sacrificial ladle.*Suja (Sanskrit sruc) was a large wooden ladle for pouring ghee on to the sacred flame. These are the five factors which a brahmin must possess for the brahmins to describe him as a brahmin; and so that when he says ‘I am a brahmin’ he speaks rightly, without falling into falsehood.”

Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abbhunnāmetvā kāyaṁ anuviloketvā parisaṁ bhagavantaṁ etadavoca: “pañcahi, bho gotama, aṅgehi samannāgataṁ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṁ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṁ āpajjeyya. Katamehi pañcahi? Idha, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto hoti mātito ca pitito ca, saṁsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena; ajjhāyako hoti mantadharo tiṇṇaṁ vedānaṁ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṁ sākkharappabhedānaṁ itihāsapañcamānaṁ padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo; abhirūpo hoti dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato brahmavaṇṇī brahmavacchasī akhuddāvakāso dassanāya; sīlavā hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato; paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṁ paggaṇhantānaṁ. Imehi kho, bho gotama, pañcahi aṅgehi samannāgataṁ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṁ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṁ āpajjeyyā”ti.

Then Soṇadaṇḍa straightened his back, looked around the assembly, and said to the Buddha, Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo abbhunnāmetvā kāyaṁ anuviloketvā parisaṁ bhagavantaṁ etadavoca: “Worthy Gotama, a brahmin must possess five factors for the brahmins to describe him as a brahmin; “pañcahi, bho gotama, aṅgehi samannāgataṁ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṁ paññapenti; and so that when he says ‘I am a brahmin’ he speaks rightly, without falling into falsehood. ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṁ āpajjeyya. What five? Katamehi pañcahi? It’s when a brahmin is well born on both his mother’s and father’s side, stemming from a clean vessel, with irrefutable and impeccable genealogy back to the seventh paternal generation. Idha, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto hoti mātito ca pitito ca, saṁsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena; He recites and remembers the hymns, and has mastered the three Vedas, together with their vocabularies and ritual performance, their phonology and word classification, and the testaments as fifth. He knows them word-by-word, and their grammar. He is well versed in cosmology and the marks of a great man. ajjhāyako hoti mantadharo tiṇṇaṁ vedānaṁ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṁ sākkharappabhedānaṁ itihāsapañcamānaṁ padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo; He is attractive, good-looking, lovely, of surpassing beauty. He has divine looks and lustre, remarkable to behold. abhirūpo hoti dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato brahmavaṇṇī brahmavacchasī akhuddāvakāso dassanāya; He is ethical, mature in ethical conduct. sīlavā hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato; He’s astute and clever, being the first or second to hold the sacrificial ladle.*Suja (Sanskrit sruc) was a large wooden ladle for pouring ghee on to the sacred flame.paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṁ paggaṇhantānaṁ. These are the five factors which a brahmin must possess for the brahmins to describe him as a brahmin; Imehi kho, bho gotama, pañcahi aṅgehi samannāgataṁ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṁ paññapenti; and so that when he says ‘I am a brahmin’ he speaks rightly, without falling into falsehood.” ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṁ āpajjeyyā”ti.

“But brahmin, is it possible to set aside one of these five factors and still rightly describe someone as a brahmin?”*The Buddha uses “Socratic method”. He has the other person articulate a view, then leads them to refine their view, leading to a clearer vision of the truth.

“Imesaṁ pana, brāhmaṇa, pañcannaṁ aṅgānaṁ sakkā ekaṁ aṅgaṁ ṭhapayitvā catūhaṅgehi samannāgataṁ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṁ paññapetuṁ; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṁ āpajjeyyā”ti?

“But brahmin, is it possible to set aside one of these five factors and still rightly describe someone as a brahmin?”*The Buddha uses “Socratic method”. He has the other person articulate a view, then leads them to refine their view, leading to a clearer vision of the truth.“Imesaṁ pana, brāhmaṇa, pañcannaṁ aṅgānaṁ sakkā ekaṁ aṅgaṁ ṭhapayitvā catūhaṅgehi samannāgataṁ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṁ paññapetuṁ; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṁ āpajjeyyā”ti?

“It is possible, worthy Gotama. We could leave appearance out of the five factors. For what does appearance matter? A brahmin must possess the remaining four factors for the brahmins to rightly describe him as a brahmin.”

“Sakkā, bho gotama. Imesañhi, bho gotama, pañcannaṁ aṅgānaṁ vaṇṇaṁ ṭhapayāma. Kiñhi vaṇṇo karissati? Yato kho, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto hoti mātito ca pitito ca saṁsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena; ajjhāyako ca hoti mantadharo ca tiṇṇaṁ vedānaṁ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṁ sākkharappabhedānaṁ itihāsapañcamānaṁ padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo; sīlavā ca hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato; paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṁ paggaṇhantānaṁ. Imehi kho, bho gotama, catūhaṅgehi samannāgataṁ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṁ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṁ āpajjeyyā”ti.

“It is possible, worthy Gotama. “Sakkā, bho gotama. We could leave appearance out of the five factors. Imesañhi, bho gotama, pañcannaṁ aṅgānaṁ vaṇṇaṁ ṭhapayāma. For what does appearance matter? Kiñhi vaṇṇo karissati? Yato kho, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto hoti mātito ca pitito ca saṁsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena; ajjhāyako ca hoti mantadharo ca tiṇṇaṁ vedānaṁ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṁ sākkharappabhedānaṁ itihāsapañcamānaṁ padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo; sīlavā ca hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato; paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṁ paggaṇhantānaṁ. A brahmin must possess the remaining four factors for the brahmins to rightly describe him as a brahmin.” Imehi kho, bho gotama, catūhaṅgehi samannāgataṁ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṁ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṁ āpajjeyyā”ti.

“But brahmin, is it possible to set aside one of these four factors and still rightly describe someone as a brahmin?”

“Imesaṁ pana, brāhmaṇa, catunnaṁ aṅgānaṁ sakkā ekaṁ aṅgaṁ ṭhapayitvā tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṁ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṁ paññapetuṁ; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṁ āpajjeyyā”ti?

“But brahmin, is it possible to set aside one of these four factors and still rightly describe someone as a brahmin?” “Imesaṁ pana, brāhmaṇa, catunnaṁ aṅgānaṁ sakkā ekaṁ aṅgaṁ ṭhapayitvā tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṁ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṁ paññapetuṁ; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṁ āpajjeyyā”ti?

“It is possible, worthy Gotama. We could leave the hymns out of the four factors. For what do the hymns matter? A brahmin must possess the remaining three factors for the brahmins to rightly describe him as a brahmin.”

“Sakkā, bho gotama. Imesañhi, bho gotama, catunnaṁ aṅgānaṁ mante ṭhapayāma. Kiñhi mantā karissanti? Yato kho, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto hoti mātito ca pitito ca saṁsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena; sīlavā ca hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato; paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṁ paggaṇhantānaṁ. Imehi kho, bho gotama, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṁ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṁ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṁ āpajjeyyā”ti.

“It is possible, worthy Gotama. “Sakkā, bho gotama. We could leave the hymns out of the four factors. Imesañhi, bho gotama, catunnaṁ aṅgānaṁ mante ṭhapayāma. For what do the hymns matter? Kiñhi mantā karissanti? Yato kho, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo ubhato sujāto hoti mātito ca pitito ca saṁsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena; sīlavā ca hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato; paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṁ paggaṇhantānaṁ. A brahmin must possess the remaining three factors for the brahmins to rightly describe him as a brahmin.” Imehi kho, bho gotama, tīhaṅgehi samannāgataṁ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṁ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṁ āpajjeyyā”ti.

“But brahmin, is it possible to set aside one of these three factors and still rightly describe someone as a brahmin?”

“Imesaṁ pana, brāhmaṇa, tiṇṇaṁ aṅgānaṁ sakkā ekaṁ aṅgaṁ ṭhapayitvā dvīhaṅgehi samannāgataṁ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṁ paññapetuṁ; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṁ āpajjeyyā”ti?

“But brahmin, is it possible to set aside one of these three factors and still rightly describe someone as a brahmin?” “Imesaṁ pana, brāhmaṇa, tiṇṇaṁ aṅgānaṁ sakkā ekaṁ aṅgaṁ ṭhapayitvā dvīhaṅgehi samannāgataṁ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṁ paññapetuṁ; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṁ āpajjeyyā”ti?

“It is possible, worthy Gotama. We could leave birth out of the three factors. For what does birth matter? It’s when a brahmin is ethical, mature in ethical conduct; and he’s astute and clever, being the first or second to hold the sacrificial ladle. A brahmin must possess these two factors for the brahmins to rightly describe him as a brahmin.”

“Sakkā, bho gotama. Imesañhi, bho gotama, tiṇṇaṁ aṅgānaṁ jātiṁ ṭhapayāma. Kiñhi jāti karissati? Yato kho, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo sīlavā hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato; paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṁ paggaṇhantānaṁ. Imehi kho, bho gotama, dvīhaṅgehi samannāgataṁ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṁ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṁ āpajjeyyā”ti.

“It is possible, worthy Gotama. “Sakkā, bho gotama. We could leave birth out of the three factors. Imesañhi, bho gotama, tiṇṇaṁ aṅgānaṁ jātiṁ ṭhapayāma. For what does birth matter? Kiñhi jāti karissati? It’s when a brahmin is ethical, mature in ethical conduct; Yato kho, bho gotama, brāhmaṇo sīlavā hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato; and he’s astute and clever, being the first or second to hold the sacrificial ladle. paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṁ paggaṇhantānaṁ. A brahmin must possess these two factors for the brahmins to rightly describe him as a brahmin.” Imehi kho, bho gotama, dvīhaṅgehi samannāgataṁ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṁ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṁ āpajjeyyā”ti.

When he had spoken, those brahmins said to him, “Please don’t say that, worthy Soṇadaṇḍa, please don’t say that! You’re just condemning appearance, the hymns, and birth! You’re totally going over to the ascetic Gotama’s doctrine!”

Evaṁ vutte, te brāhmaṇā soṇadaṇḍaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ etadavocuṁ: “mā bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo evaṁ avaca, mā bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo evaṁ avaca. Apavadateva bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo vaṇṇaṁ, apavadati mante, apavadati jātiṁ, ekaṁsena bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇasseva gotamassa vādaṁ anupakkhandatī”ti.

When he had spoken, those brahmins said to him, Evaṁ vutte, te brāhmaṇā soṇadaṇḍaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ etadavocuṁ: “Please don’t say that, worthy Soṇadaṇḍa, please don’t say that! “mā bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo evaṁ avaca, mā bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo evaṁ avaca. You’re just condemning appearance, the hymns, and birth! You’re totally going over to the ascetic Gotama’s doctrine!” Apavadateva bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo vaṇṇaṁ, apavadati mante, apavadati jātiṁ, ekaṁsena bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇasseva gotamassa vādaṁ anupakkhandatī”ti.

So the Buddha said to them, “Well, brahmins, if you think that Soṇadaṇḍa is unlearned, a poor speaker, witless, and not capable of debating with me about this, then leave him aside and you can debate with me. But if you think that he’s learned, a good speaker who enunciates well, astute, and capable of debating with me about this, then you should stand aside and let him debate with me.”

Atha kho bhagavā te brāhmaṇe etadavoca: “sace kho tumhākaṁ brāhmaṇānaṁ evaṁ hoti: ‘appassuto ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, akalyāṇavākkaraṇo ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, duppañño ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, na ca pahoti soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo samaṇena gotamena saddhiṁ asmiṁ vacane paṭimantetun’ti, tiṭṭhatu soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, tumhe mayā saddhiṁ mantavho asmiṁ vacane. Sace pana tumhākaṁ brāhmaṇānaṁ evaṁ hoti: ‘bahussuto ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, kalyāṇavākkaraṇo ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, paṇḍito ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, pahoti ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo samaṇena gotamena saddhiṁ asmiṁ vacane paṭimantetun’ti, tiṭṭhatha tumhe, soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo mayā saddhiṁ paṭimantetū”ti.

So the Buddha said to them, Atha kho bhagavā te brāhmaṇe etadavoca: “Well, brahmins, if you think that “sace kho tumhākaṁ brāhmaṇānaṁ evaṁ hoti: Soṇadaṇḍa is unlearned, a poor speaker, witless, and not capable of debating with me about this, then leave him aside and you can debate with me. ‘appassuto ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, akalyāṇavākkaraṇo ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, duppañño ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, na ca pahoti soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo samaṇena gotamena saddhiṁ asmiṁ vacane paṭimantetun’ti, tiṭṭhatu soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, tumhe mayā saddhiṁ mantavho asmiṁ vacane. But if you think that Sace pana tumhākaṁ brāhmaṇānaṁ evaṁ hoti: he’s learned, a good speaker who enunciates well, astute, and capable of debating with me about this, then you should stand aside and let him debate with me.” ‘bahussuto ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, kalyāṇavākkaraṇo ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, paṇḍito ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo, pahoti ca soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo samaṇena gotamena saddhiṁ asmiṁ vacane paṭimantetun’ti, tiṭṭhatha tumhe, soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo mayā saddhiṁ paṭimantetū”ti.

When he said this, Soṇadaṇḍa said to the Buddha, “Let it be, worthy Gotama, be silent. I myself will respond to them in a legitimate manner.” Then he said to those brahmins, “Don’t say this, good fellows, don’t say this: ‘You’re just condemning appearance, the hymns, and birth! You’re totally going over to the ascetic Gotama’s doctrine!’ I’m not condemning appearance, hymns, or birth.”

Evaṁ vutte, soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṁ etadavoca: “tiṭṭhatu bhavaṁ gotamo, tuṇhī bhavaṁ gotamo hotu, ahameva tesaṁ sahadhammena paṭivacanaṁ karissāmī”ti. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo te brāhmaṇe etadavoca: “mā bhavanto evaṁ avacuttha, mā bhavanto evaṁ avacuttha: ‘apavadateva bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo vaṇṇaṁ, apavadati mante, apavadati jātiṁ, ekaṁsena bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇasseva gotamassa vādaṁ anupakkhandatī’ti. Nāhaṁ, bho, apavadāmi vaṇṇaṁ vā mante vā jātiṁ vā”ti.

When he said this, Soṇadaṇḍa said to the Buddha, Evaṁ vutte, soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṁ etadavoca: “Let it be, worthy Gotama, be silent. I myself will respond to them in a legitimate manner.” “tiṭṭhatu bhavaṁ gotamo, tuṇhī bhavaṁ gotamo hotu, ahameva tesaṁ sahadhammena paṭivacanaṁ karissāmī”ti. Then he said to those brahmins, Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo te brāhmaṇe etadavoca: “Don’t say this, good fellows, don’t say this: “mā bhavanto evaṁ avacuttha, mā bhavanto evaṁ avacuttha: ‘You’re just condemning appearance, the hymns, and birth! You’re totally going over to the ascetic Gotama’s doctrine!’ ‘apavadateva bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo vaṇṇaṁ, apavadati mante, apavadati jātiṁ, ekaṁsena bhavaṁ soṇadaṇḍo samaṇasseva gotamassa vādaṁ anupakkhandatī’ti. I’m not condemning appearance, hymns, or birth.” Nāhaṁ, bho, apavadāmi vaṇṇaṁ vā mante vā jātiṁ vā”ti.

Now at that time Soṇadaṇḍa’s nephew, the young student Aṅgaka was sitting in that assembly. Then Soṇadaṇḍa said to those brahmins, “Gentlemen, do you see my nephew, the young student Aṅgaka?”

Tena kho pana samayena soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa bhāgineyyo aṅgako nāma māṇavako tassaṁ parisāyaṁ nisinno hoti. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo te brāhmaṇe etadavoca: “passanti no bhonto imaṁ aṅgakaṁ māṇavakaṁ amhākaṁ bhāgineyyan”ti?

Now at that time Soṇadaṇḍa’s nephew, the young student Aṅgaka was sitting in that assembly. Tena kho pana samayena soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa bhāgineyyo aṅgako nāma māṇavako tassaṁ parisāyaṁ nisinno hoti. Then Soṇadaṇḍa said to those brahmins, Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo te brāhmaṇe etadavoca: “Gentlemen, do you see my nephew, the young student Aṅgaka?” “passanti no bhonto imaṁ aṅgakaṁ māṇavakaṁ amhākaṁ bhāgineyyan”ti?

“Aṅgaka is attractive, good-looking, lovely, of surpassing beauty. He has divine looks and lustre, remarkable to behold. There’s no-one in this assembly so good-looking, apart from the ascetic Gotama. Aṅgaka recites and remembers the hymns, and has mastered the three Vedas, together with their vocabularies and ritual performance, their phonology and word classification, and the testaments as fifth. He knows them word-by-word, and their grammar. He is well versed in cosmology and the marks of a great man. And I am the one who teaches him the hymns. Aṅgaka is well born on both his mother’s and father’s side, stemming from a clean vessel, with irrefutable and impeccable genealogy back to the seventh paternal generation. And I know his mother and father. But if Aṅgaka were to kill living creatures, steal, commit adultery, lie, and drink liquor, then what’s the use of his appearance, his hymns, or his birth? It’s when a brahmin is ethical, mature in ethical conduct; and he’s astute and clever, being the first or second to hold the sacrificial ladle. A brahmin must possess these two factors for the brahmins to rightly describe him as a brahmin.”

“Aṅgako kho, bho, māṇavako abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato brahmavaṇṇī brahmavacchasī akhuddāvakāso dassanāya, nāssa imissaṁ parisāyaṁ samasamo atthi vaṇṇena ṭhapetvā samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ. Aṅgako kho māṇavako ajjhāyako mantadharo, tiṇṇaṁ vedānaṁ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṁ sākkharappabhedānaṁ itihāsapañcamānaṁ padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo. Ahamassa mante vācetā. Aṅgako kho māṇavako ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca saṁsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena. Ahamassa mātāpitaro jānāmi. Aṅgako kho māṇavako pāṇampi haneyya, adinnampi ādiyeyya, paradārampi gaccheyya, musāvādampi bhaṇeyya, majjampi piveyya, ettha dāni, bho, kiṁ vaṇṇo karissati, kiṁ mantā, kiṁ jāti? Yato kho, bho, brāhmaṇo sīlavā ca hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato, paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṁ paggaṇhantānaṁ. Imehi kho, bho, dvīhaṅgehi samannāgataṁ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṁ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṁ āpajjeyyā”ti.

“Aṅgaka is attractive, good-looking, lovely, of surpassing beauty. He has divine looks and lustre, remarkable to behold. There’s no-one in this assembly so good-looking, apart from the ascetic Gotama. “Aṅgako kho, bho, māṇavako abhirūpo dassanīyo pāsādiko paramāya vaṇṇapokkharatāya samannāgato brahmavaṇṇī brahmavacchasī akhuddāvakāso dassanāya, nāssa imissaṁ parisāyaṁ samasamo atthi vaṇṇena ṭhapetvā samaṇaṁ gotamaṁ. Aṅgaka recites and remembers the hymns, and has mastered the three Vedas, together with their vocabularies and ritual performance, their phonology and word classification, and the testaments as fifth. He knows them word-by-word, and their grammar. He is well versed in cosmology and the marks of a great man. Aṅgako kho māṇavako ajjhāyako mantadharo, tiṇṇaṁ vedānaṁ pāragū sanighaṇḍukeṭubhānaṁ sākkharappabhedānaṁ itihāsapañcamānaṁ padako veyyākaraṇo lokāyatamahāpurisalakkhaṇesu anavayo. And I am the one who teaches him the hymns. Ahamassa mante vācetā. Aṅgaka is well born on both his mother’s and father’s side, stemming from a clean vessel, with irrefutable and impeccable genealogy back to the seventh paternal generation. Aṅgako kho māṇavako ubhato sujāto mātito ca pitito ca saṁsuddhagahaṇiko yāva sattamā pitāmahayugā akkhitto anupakkuṭṭho jātivādena. And I know his mother and father. Ahamassa mātāpitaro jānāmi. But if Aṅgaka were to kill living creatures, steal, commit adultery, lie, and drink liquor, then what’s the use of his appearance, his hymns, or his birth? Aṅgako kho māṇavako pāṇampi haneyya, adinnampi ādiyeyya, paradārampi gaccheyya, musāvādampi bhaṇeyya, majjampi piveyya, ettha dāni, bho, kiṁ vaṇṇo karissati, kiṁ mantā, kiṁ jāti? It’s when a brahmin is ethical, mature in ethical conduct; Yato kho, bho, brāhmaṇo sīlavā ca hoti vuddhasīlī vuddhasīlena samannāgato, and he’s astute and clever, being the first or second to hold the sacrificial ladle. paṇḍito ca hoti medhāvī paṭhamo vā dutiyo vā sujaṁ paggaṇhantānaṁ. A brahmin must possess these two factors for the brahmins to rightly describe him as a brahmin.” Imehi kho, bho, dvīhaṅgehi samannāgataṁ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṁ paññapenti; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṁ āpajjeyyā”ti.

“But brahmin, is it possible to set aside one of these two factors and still rightly describe someone as a brahmin?”

“Imesaṁ pana, brāhmaṇa, dvinnaṁ aṅgānaṁ sakkā ekaṁ aṅgaṁ ṭhapayitvā ekena aṅgena samannāgataṁ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṁ paññapetuṁ; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṁ āpajjeyyā”ti?

“But brahmin, is it possible to set aside one of these two factors and still rightly describe someone as a brahmin?” “Imesaṁ pana, brāhmaṇa, dvinnaṁ aṅgānaṁ sakkā ekaṁ aṅgaṁ ṭhapayitvā ekena aṅgena samannāgataṁ brāhmaṇā brāhmaṇaṁ paññapetuṁ; ‘brāhmaṇosmī’ti ca vadamāno sammā vadeyya, na ca pana musāvādaṁ āpajjeyyā”ti?

“No, worthy Gotama. For wisdom is cleansed by ethics, and ethics are cleansed by wisdom. Ethics and wisdom always go together. An ethical person is wise, and a wise person ethical. And ethics and wisdom are said to be the best things in the world. It’s just like when you clean one hand with the other, or clean one foot with the other. In the same way, wisdom is cleansed by ethics, and ethics are cleansed by wisdom. Ethics and wisdom always go together. An ethical person is wise, and a wise person ethical. And ethics and wisdom are said to be the best things in the world.”

“No hidaṁ, bho gotama. Sīlaparidhotā hi, bho gotama, paññāpaññāDiscernimiento, sabiduría o visión cabal. Capacidad de comprender la realidad según el Dhamma, especialmente la naturaleza condicionada de los fenómenos, las Cuatro Nobles Verdades y las tres características. Una de las cinco facultades, las cinco fuerzas y las diez pāramīs.Ver en el glosario; paññāparidhotaṁ sīlaṁ. Yattha sīlaṁ tattha paññā, yattha paññā tattha sīlaṁ. Sīlavato paññā, paññavato sīlaṁ. Sīlapaññāṇañca pana lokasmiṁ aggamakkhāyati. Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, hatthena vā hatthaṁ dhoveyya, pādena vā pādaṁ dhoveyya; evameva kho, bho gotama, sīlaparidhotā paññā, paññāparidhotaṁ sīlaṁ. Yattha sīlaṁ tattha paññā, yattha paññā tattha sīlaṁ. Sīlavato paññā, paññavato sīlaṁ. Sīlapaññāṇañca pana lokasmiṁ aggamakkhāyatī”ti.

“No, worthy Gotama. “No hidaṁ, bho gotama. For wisdom is cleansed by ethics, and ethics are cleansed by wisdom. Sīlaparidhotā hi, bho gotama, paññāpaññāDiscernimiento, sabiduría o visión cabal. Capacidad de comprender la realidad según el Dhamma, especialmente la naturaleza condicionada de los fenómenos, las Cuatro Nobles Verdades y las tres características. Una de las cinco facultades, las cinco fuerzas y las diez pāramīs.Ver en el glosario; paññāparidhotaṁ sīlaṁ. Ethics and wisdom always go together. Yattha sīlaṁ tattha paññā, yattha paññā tattha sīlaṁ. An ethical person is wise, and a wise person ethical. Sīlavato paññā, paññavato sīlaṁ. And ethics and wisdom are said to be the best things in the world. Sīlapaññāṇañca pana lokasmiṁ aggamakkhāyati. It’s just like when you clean one hand with the other, or clean one foot with the other. Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, hatthena vā hatthaṁ dhoveyya, pādena vā pādaṁ dhoveyya; In the same way, wisdom is cleansed by ethics, and ethics are cleansed by wisdom. evameva kho, bho gotama, sīlaparidhotā paññā, paññāparidhotaṁ sīlaṁ. Ethics and wisdom always go together. Yattha sīlaṁ tattha paññā, yattha paññā tattha sīlaṁ. An ethical person is wise, and a wise person ethical. Sīlavato paññā, paññavato sīlaṁ. And ethics and wisdom are said to be the best things in the world.” Sīlapaññāṇañca pana lokasmiṁ aggamakkhāyatī”ti.

“That’s so true, brahmin, that’s so true! For wisdom is cleansed by ethics, and ethics are cleansed by wisdom.*When the Buddha convinces Soṇadaṇḍa, he does not crow over it or take pleasure in his discomfort, but praises his wisdom and affirms his conclusions. Ethics and wisdom always go together. An ethical person is wise, and a wise person ethical. And ethics and wisdom are said to be the best things in the world. It’s just like when you clean one hand with the other, or clean one foot with the other. In the same way, wisdom is cleansed by ethics, and ethics are cleansed by wisdom. Ethics and wisdom always go together. An ethical person is wise, and a wise person ethical. And ethics and wisdom are said to be the best things in the world.

“Evametaṁ, brāhmaṇa, evametaṁ, brāhmaṇa, sīlaparidhotā hi, brāhmaṇa, paññā, paññāparidhotaṁ sīlaṁ. Yattha sīlaṁ tattha paññā, yattha paññā tattha sīlaṁ. Sīlavato paññā, paññavato sīlaṁ. Sīlapaññāṇañca pana lokasmiṁ aggamakkhāyati. Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, hatthena vā hatthaṁ dhoveyya, pādena vā pādaṁ dhoveyya; evameva kho, brāhmaṇa, sīlaparidhotā paññā, paññāparidhotaṁ sīlaṁ. Yattha sīlaṁ tattha paññā, yattha paññā tattha sīlaṁ. Sīlavato paññā, paññavato sīlaṁ. Sīlapaññāṇañca pana lokasmiṁ aggamakkhāyati.

“That’s so true, brahmin, that’s so true! For wisdom is cleansed by ethics, and ethics are cleansed by wisdom.*When the Buddha convinces Soṇadaṇḍa, he does not crow over it or take pleasure in his discomfort, but praises his wisdom and affirms his conclusions.“Evametaṁ, brāhmaṇa, evametaṁ, brāhmaṇa, sīlaparidhotā hi, brāhmaṇa, paññā, paññāparidhotaṁ sīlaṁ. Ethics and wisdom always go together. Yattha sīlaṁ tattha paññā, yattha paññā tattha sīlaṁ. An ethical person is wise, and a wise person ethical. Sīlavato paññā, paññavato sīlaṁ. And ethics and wisdom are said to be the best things in the world. Sīlapaññāṇañca pana lokasmiṁ aggamakkhāyati. It’s just like when you clean one hand with the other, or clean one foot with the other. Seyyathāpi, brāhmaṇa, hatthena vā hatthaṁ dhoveyya, pādena vā pādaṁ dhoveyya; In the same way, wisdom is cleansed by ethics, and ethics are cleansed by wisdom. evameva kho, brāhmaṇa, sīlaparidhotā paññā, paññāparidhotaṁ sīlaṁ. Ethics and wisdom always go together. Yattha sīlaṁ tattha paññā, yattha paññā tattha sīlaṁ. An ethical person is wise, and a wise person ethical. Sīlavato paññā, paññavato sīlaṁ. And ethics and wisdom are said to be the best things in the world. Sīlapaññāṇañca pana lokasmiṁ aggamakkhāyati.

But what, brahmin, is that ethical conduct?*The Buddha has taken pains to establish common ground, but Soṇadaṇḍa’s description of wisdom is lacking, so the Buddha prompts a deeper inquiry. And what is that wisdom?”

Katamaṁ pana taṁ, brāhmaṇa, sīlaṁ? Katamā sā paññā”ti?

But what, brahmin, is that ethical conduct?*The Buddha has taken pains to establish common ground, but Soṇadaṇḍa’s description of wisdom is lacking, so the Buddha prompts a deeper inquiry.Katamaṁ pana taṁ, brāhmaṇa, sīlaṁ? And what is that wisdom?” Katamā sā paññā”ti?

“That’s all I know about this matter, worthy Gotama. May the worthy Gotama himself please clarify the meaning of this.”

“Ettakaparamāva mayaṁ, bho gotama, etasmiṁ atthe. Sādhu vata bhavantaṁyeva gotamaṁ paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho”ti.

“That’s all I know about this matter, worthy Gotama. “Ettakaparamāva mayaṁ, bho gotama, etasmiṁ atthe. May the worthy Gotama himself please clarify the meaning of this.” Sādhu vata bhavantaṁyeva gotamaṁ paṭibhātu etassa bhāsitassa attho”ti.

“Yes, worthy sir,” Soṇadaṇḍa replied. The Buddha said this:

“Evaṁ, bho”ti kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca:

“Yes, worthy sir,” Soṇadaṇḍa replied. “Evaṁ, bho”ti kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavato paccassosi. The Buddha said this: Bhagavā etadavoca:

“It’s when a Realized One arises in the world, perfected, a fully awakened Buddha … That’s how a mendicant is accomplished in ethics. This, brahmin, is that ethical conduct. … They enter and remain in the first absorption …*Normally, the Buddha frames his teaching as ethics, meditation, and wisdom, but here he adapts to Soṇadaṇḍa’s framing and places meditation under wisdom. second absorption … third absorption … fourth absorption … They project and extend the mind toward knowledge and vision … This pertains to their wisdom. … They understand: ‘… there is nothing further for this place.’ This pertains to their wisdom. This, brahmin, is that wisdom.”

“idha, brāhmaṇa, tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṁ sammāsambuddho …pe… Evaṁ kho, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhubhikkhuUn hombre que ha renunciado a la vida de hogar para vivir una vida de virtud elevada (ver sīla) de acuerdo con el Vinaya en general, y las reglas del Pātimokkha en particular. La raíz de la palabra significa «mendicante», es decir, uno que vive de limosnas. Como el masculino se usa como género por defecto en pali, el término bhikkhu a menudo incluye también a las monjas, por lo que «mendicante» puede usarse como traducción de género neutro. Ver saṅgha, parisā, upasampadā.Ver en el glosario sīlasampanno hoti. Idaṁ kho taṁ, brāhmaṇa, sīlaṁ …pe… paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati … dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ … tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ … catutthaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati …pe… ñāṇadassanāya cittaṁ abhinīharati, abhininnāmeti …pe… Idampissa hoti paññāya …pe… nāparaṁ itthattāyāti pajānāti. Idampissa hoti paññāya ayaṁ kho sā, brāhmaṇa, paññā”ti.

“It’s when a Realized One arises in the world, perfected, a fully awakened Buddha … “idha, brāhmaṇa, tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṁ sammāsambuddho …pe… That’s how a mendicant is accomplished in ethics. Evaṁ kho, brāhmaṇa, bhikkhubhikkhuUn hombre que ha renunciado a la vida de hogar para vivir una vida de virtud elevada (ver sīla) de acuerdo con el Vinaya en general, y las reglas del Pātimokkha en particular. La raíz de la palabra significa «mendicante», es decir, uno que vive de limosnas. Como el masculino se usa como género por defecto en pali, el término bhikkhu a menudo incluye también a las monjas, por lo que «mendicante» puede usarse como traducción de género neutro. Ver saṅgha, parisā, upasampadā.Ver en el glosario sīlasampanno hoti. This, brahmin, is that ethical conduct. … Idaṁ kho taṁ, brāhmaṇa, sīlaṁ …pe… They enter and remain in the first absorption …*Normally, the Buddha frames his teaching as ethics, meditation, and wisdom, but here he adapts to Soṇadaṇḍa’s framing and places meditation under wisdom.paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati … second absorption … dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ … third absorption … tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ … fourth absorption … catutthaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati …pe… They project and extend the mind toward knowledge and vision … ñāṇadassanāya cittaṁ abhinīharati, abhininnāmeti …pe… This pertains to their wisdom. … Idampissa hoti paññāya …pe… They understand: ‘… there is nothing further for this place.’ nāparaṁ itthattāyāti pajānāti. This pertains to their wisdom. Idampissa hoti paññāya This, brahmin, is that wisdom.” ayaṁ kho sā, brāhmaṇa, paññā”ti.

When he had spoken, Soṇadaṇḍa said to the Buddha, “Excellent, worthy Gotama! Excellent! As if he were righting the overturned, or revealing the hidden, or pointing out the path to the lost, or lighting a lamp in the dark so people with clear eyes can see what’s there, worthy Gotama has made the Teaching clear in many ways. I go for refuge to the worthy Gotama, to the teaching, and to the mendicant Saṅgha. From this day forth, may the worthy Gotama remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life. Would you and the mendicant Saṅgha please accept tomorrow’s meal from me?” The Buddha consented with silence.

Evaṁ vutte, soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṁ etadavoca: “abhikkantaṁ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṁ, bho gotama. Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, nikkujjitaṁ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṁ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṁ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṁ dhāreyya: ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṁ bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṁ bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ saraṇaṁ gacchāmi, dhammañca, bhikkhusaṅghañca. Upāsakaṁ maṁ bhavaṁ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṁ saraṇaṁ gataṁ. Adhivāsetu ca me bhavaṁ gotamo svātanāya bhattaṁ saddhiṁ bhikkhusaṅghenā”ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.

When he had spoken, Soṇadaṇḍa said to the Buddha, Evaṁ vutte, soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṁ etadavoca: “Excellent, worthy Gotama! Excellent! “abhikkantaṁ, bho gotama, abhikkantaṁ, bho gotama. As if he were righting the overturned, or revealing the hidden, or pointing out the path to the lost, or lighting a lamp in the dark so people with clear eyes can see what’s there, worthy Gotama has made the Teaching clear in many ways. Seyyathāpi, bho gotama, nikkujjitaṁ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṁ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṁ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṁ dhāreyya: ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti; evamevaṁ bhotā gotamena anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. I go for refuge to the worthy Gotama, to the teaching, and to the mendicant Saṅgha. Esāhaṁ bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ saraṇaṁ gacchāmi, dhammañca, bhikkhusaṅghañca. From this day forth, may the worthy Gotama remember me as a lay follower who has gone for refuge for life. Upāsakaṁ maṁ bhavaṁ gotamo dhāretu ajjatagge pāṇupetaṁ saraṇaṁ gataṁ. Would you and the mendicant Saṅgha please accept tomorrow’s meal from me?” Adhivāsetu ca me bhavaṁ gotamo svātanāya bhattaṁ saddhiṁ bhikkhusaṅghenā”ti. The Buddha consented with silence. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.

Then, knowing that the Buddha had consented, Soṇadaṇḍa rose from his seat, bowed, and respectfully circled the Buddha, keeping him on his right, before leaving. And when the night had passed Soṇadaṇḍa had delicious fresh and cooked foods prepared in his own home. Then he had the Buddha informed of the time, saying, “It’s time, worthy Gotama, the meal is ready.” Then the Buddha robed up in the morning and, taking his bowl and robe, went to the home of Soṇadaṇḍa together with the mendicant Saṅgha, where he sat on the seat spread out. Then Soṇadaṇḍa served and satisfied the mendicant Saṅgha headed by the Buddha with his own hands with delicious fresh and cooked foods.

Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavato adhivāsanaṁ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṁ katvā pakkāmi. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo tassā rattiyā accayena sake nivesane paṇītaṁ khādanīyaṁ bhojanīyaṁ paṭiyādāpetvā bhagavato kālaṁ ārocāpesi: “kālo, bho gotama, niṭṭhitaṁ bhattan”ti. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṁ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya saddhiṁ bhikkhusaṅghena yena soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa nivesanaṁ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo buddhappamukhaṁ bhikkhusaṅghaṁ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi.

Then, knowing that the Buddha had consented, Soṇadaṇḍa rose from his seat, bowed, and respectfully circled the Buddha, keeping him on his right, before leaving. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavato adhivāsanaṁ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṁ katvā pakkāmi. And when the night had passed Soṇadaṇḍa had delicious fresh and cooked foods prepared in his own home. Then he had the Buddha informed of the time, saying, Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo tassā rattiyā accayena sake nivesane paṇītaṁ khādanīyaṁ bhojanīyaṁ paṭiyādāpetvā bhagavato kālaṁ ārocāpesi: “It’s time, worthy Gotama, the meal is ready.” “kālo, bho gotama, niṭṭhitaṁ bhattan”ti. Then the Buddha robed up in the morning and, taking his bowl and robe, went to the home of Soṇadaṇḍa together with the mendicant Saṅgha, where he sat on the seat spread out. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṁ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya saddhiṁ bhikkhusaṅghena yena soṇadaṇḍassa brāhmaṇassa nivesanaṁ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi. Then Soṇadaṇḍa served and satisfied the mendicant Saṅgha headed by the Buddha with his own hands with delicious fresh and cooked foods. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo buddhappamukhaṁ bhikkhusaṅghaṁ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi.

When the Buddha had eaten and washed his hand and bowl, Soṇadaṇḍa took a low seat and sat to one side. Seated to one side he said to the Buddha: “Worthy Gotama, if, when I have gone to an assembly, I rise from my seat and bow to the Buddha, that assembly might disparage me for that. And when you’re disparaged by the assembly, your reputation diminishes. When your reputation diminishes, your wealth also diminishes. But my wealth relies on my reputation. If, when I have gone to an assembly, I raise my cupped palms, please take it that I have risen from my seat. And if I undo my turban, please take it that I have bowed. And the worthy Gotama, if, when I am in a carriage, I get down from my carriage and bow to the Buddha, that assembly might disparage me for that. If, when I am in a carriage, I hold up my goad, please take it that I have got down from my carriage. And if I lower my parasol, please take it that I have bowed.”*Soṇadaṇḍa’s attachment to his reputation betrays his lack of inner confidence and stands in contrast with Pokkharasāti. Perhaps it may also be read as a regional characteristic, since Buddhism was less well established in the Aṅga region than in central Magadha.

Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṁ bhuttāviṁ onītapattapāṇiṁ aññataraṁ nīcaṁ āsanaṁ gahetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṁ etadavoca: “ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, parisagato samāno āsanā vuṭṭhahitvā bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ abhivādeyyaṁ, tena maṁ sā parisā paribhaveyya. Yaṁ kho pana sā parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṁ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṁ bhogā. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, parisagato samāno añjaliṁ paggaṇheyyaṁ, āsanā me taṁ bhavaṁ gotamo paccuṭṭhānaṁ dhāretu. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, parisagato samāno veṭhanaṁ omuñceyyaṁ, sirasā me taṁ bhavaṁ gotamo abhivādanaṁ dhāretu. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, yānagato samāno yānā paccorohitvā bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ abhivādeyyaṁ, tena maṁ sā parisā paribhaveyya. Yaṁ kho pana sā parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha, yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṁ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṁ bhogā. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, yānagato samāno patodalaṭṭhiṁ abbhunnāmeyyaṁ, yānā me taṁ bhavaṁ gotamo paccorohanaṁ dhāretu. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, yānagato samāno chattaṁ apanāmeyyaṁ, sirasā me taṁ bhavaṁ gotamo abhivādanaṁ dhāretū”ti.

When the Buddha had eaten and washed his hand and bowl, Soṇadaṇḍa took a low seat and sat to one side. Atha kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṁ bhuttāviṁ onītapattapāṇiṁ aññataraṁ nīcaṁ āsanaṁ gahetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Seated to one side he said to the Buddha: Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho soṇadaṇḍo brāhmaṇo bhagavantaṁ etadavoca: “Worthy Gotama, if, when I have gone to an assembly, I rise from my seat and bow to the Buddha, that assembly might disparage me for that. “ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, parisagato samāno āsanā vuṭṭhahitvā bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ abhivādeyyaṁ, tena maṁ sā parisā paribhaveyya. And when you’re disparaged by the assembly, your reputation diminishes. Yaṁ kho pana sā parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha. When your reputation diminishes, your wealth also diminishes. Yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṁ. But my wealth relies on my reputation. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṁ bhogā. If, when I have gone to an assembly, I raise my cupped palms, please take it that I have risen from my seat. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, parisagato samāno añjaliṁ paggaṇheyyaṁ, āsanā me taṁ bhavaṁ gotamo paccuṭṭhānaṁ dhāretu. And if I undo my turban, please take it that I have bowed. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, parisagato samāno veṭhanaṁ omuñceyyaṁ, sirasā me taṁ bhavaṁ gotamo abhivādanaṁ dhāretu. And the worthy Gotama, if, when I am in a carriage, I get down from my carriage and bow to the Buddha, that assembly might disparage me for that. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, yānagato samāno yānā paccorohitvā bhavantaṁ gotamaṁ abhivādeyyaṁ, tena maṁ sā parisā paribhaveyya. Yaṁ kho pana sā parisā paribhaveyya, yasopi tassa hāyetha, yassa kho pana yaso hāyetha, bhogāpi tassa hāyeyyuṁ. Yasoladdhā kho panamhākaṁ bhogā. If, when I am in a carriage, I hold up my goad, please take it that I have got down from my carriage. Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, yānagato samāno patodalaṭṭhiṁ abbhunnāmeyyaṁ, yānā me taṁ bhavaṁ gotamo paccorohanaṁ dhāretu. And if I lower my parasol, please take it that I have bowed.”*Soṇadaṇḍa’s attachment to his reputation betrays his lack of inner confidence and stands in contrast with Pokkharasāti. Perhaps it may also be read as a regional characteristic, since Buddhism was less well established in the Aṅga region than in central Magadha.Ahañceva kho pana, bho gotama, yānagato samāno chattaṁ apanāmeyyaṁ, sirasā me taṁ bhavaṁ gotamo abhivādanaṁ dhāretū”ti.